The reason for sound or burning horn and its solution

**Understanding Speaker Failures and Long-Term Maintenance Tips** Speakers in audio or broadcast systems often suffer from damage, such as burning or breaking. Many people assume that this happens because the volume is too high for the horn to handle, leading to its failure. However, there are actually many different reasons behind speaker damage. Understanding these causes can help you maintain your speakers for decades. One common issue occurs when a microphone is placed too close to the speaker or directly facing it, causing high-frequency feedback. This feedback can result in a loud, distorted sound that may damage the tweeter. Most of the signal after the crossover is sent to the high-frequency driver, and if this signal is too intense, it can burn out the delicate tweeter. To avoid this, always gradually increase the volume when using a microphone and avoid sudden loud bursts. Another cause of damage is an amplifier that doesn't provide enough power. If the amplifier is underpowered, it may clip the signal, sending distorted and potentially harmful energy to the speaker. This can lead to permanent damage. For those who enjoy loud music, it's essential to invest in a high-power amplifier that can properly drive your speakers without distortion. If the amplifier has a DC output, it can also harm the woofer or even the tweeters. This happens when there’s no capacitor to isolate the DC current from the speaker. A direct current can overheat the voice coil and damage the speaker. When purchasing an amplifier, always check for DC output using a multimeter, especially on both the front and rear stages. Self-installation can also introduce problems, such as high-frequency oscillation. This can occur due to poor wiring or component placement. Using an oscilloscope to check for oscillation or DC output before connecting your speakers is a good practice. If not addressed, this can lead to serious damage to your high-end speakers. Vacuum tube amplifiers, while popular again, are more prone to high-frequency oscillation and interference. These issues are among the most common causes of speaker failure. Paying attention to these details during setup can prevent unnecessary damage. Equipment matching plays a crucial role in achieving optimal sound quality. Even budget-friendly gear can perform well if properly matched with other components. The goal is to find a balance between different elements—like a seesaw—so that the overall system sounds natural and harmonious. Matching a bright system with a warmer one, or a slow system with a faster one, helps achieve a balanced sound. Power source cleanliness is another important factor. In urban environments, electronic interference from appliances like refrigerators, air conditioners, and fluorescent lights can degrade sound quality. Keeping these devices away from your audio system and using dedicated power lines can significantly improve clarity. Some people use power filters or processors to further reduce noise. To test your power quality, listen for clarity, quietness, and depth in the sound. A clean power supply will produce a more detailed and immersive listening experience. Avoid making the sound too thin; instead, aim for a full, rich midrange and a flexible, powerful bass. Clean connectors are also essential. Over time, oxidation can build up on contact points, reducing signal quality. Use specialized cleaning tools to remove oxidation, but avoid harsh chemicals that could damage gold-plated parts. After cleaning, applying a small amount of lubricant can keep the contacts smooth for weeks. Tightening speaker terminals is equally important. Loose connections can cause impedance changes and affect low-frequency performance. Directly connecting bare wire to the terminal provides the best contact, though proper terminals can work if they are soft and flexible. Furniture choices can also impact sound quality. Leather sofas, for example, act as effective sound dampers, absorbing and reflecting sound waves in a balanced way. They are durable and can enhance the acoustic environment of your listening space. Avoid using too many thin panels or wood structures in your room, as they can absorb too much mid and low frequency, making the sound thin. Instead, consider using curved panels or diffusers to improve sound dispersion without over-absorbing. Finally, don’t make your listening space too empty. Adding furniture like tables, chairs, and cabinets helps absorb and diffuse sound naturally, creating a more balanced and pleasant listening environment. If needed, you can add acoustic treatments to fine-tune the sound.

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