The principle of stone polishing and the grinding stone used

The research on the polishing mechanism of stone, the main factors affecting the polishing effect, and the technology of stone glazing primarily focuses on achieving a smooth surface. Stone has been widely used for many years, but over time, natural weathering and improper maintenance can cause its original color and luster to fade. This degradation not only affects aesthetics but also makes re-decoration costly and time-consuming. The marble restoration process uses chemical and physical methods in a short period, restoring the stone’s original brightness through mechanical grinding and polishing. The result is a naturally colored surface with 100% gloss, offering an economical and time-efficient solution that lasts more than five years. When planning a project, it's important to estimate the cost. If the budget is limited and the construction timeline is flexible, regular grinding tools may be considered. However, for different applications, such as polishing non-glossy or rough-faced stones, abrasive brushes are commonly used. These brushes come in various grit sizes, ranging from 36# to 500#, with common sizes being 36#, 46#, 60#, and 80#. For example, 46# has a particle size between 425–355 micrometers (according to ISO and GB2477-83 standards), while 80# ranges from 212–180 micrometers. Particles smaller than 63 micrometers are classified as fine powder, equivalent to international standard 240# or Chinese W63. In China, W28–W14 is typically used for coarse grinding, and W10 for fine polishing, with a basic particle size of 10–7 micrometers. W40, equivalent to 500#, has a particle size of 40–28 micrometers. Thus, using abrasive brushes for rough stone polishing is mainly for preliminary stages. To avoid scratches, softer grinding tools are preferred, which helps achieve better gloss. Reducing water usage, increasing machine speed, and raising surface temperature can further enhance the shine. In short, stone polishing is a complex process involving both physical and chemical reactions, depending on the specific situation. Various types of polished grinding discs are available for materials like marble, granite, and ceramic tiles: 1. Diamond soft grinding discs are a modern tool used for floor renovation. Their light weight and flexibility allow for strong adhesion to the surface. They offer a wide range of grits, from 20# to 3000#, and come in black and white (polished) variants. Using diamond as the abrasive, they are lightweight and protect the softer parts of the stone during grinding. The final product has high gloss, and the nylon bonding allows for easy operation and good performance. 2. Diamond bitumen grinding stones are made from silicon carbide abrasive mixed with magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride. Silicon carbide and green silicon carbide are preferred, while black silicon carbide is more affordable. Grit sizes range from 16# to 1200#, with varying hardness levels. These tools are cost-effective, self-sharpening, and adaptable to various materials like granite, marble, and ceramic tiles. However, their efficiency is lower compared to other options, and they require significant pressure during use. 3. Silicon carbide resin grinding stones are made by mixing silicon carbide abrasive with resin and pressing it with phenolic resin. They are ideal for fine grinding and offer good durability and wettability. They are particularly effective for marble, producing good luster and efficiency. However, they are expensive and may cause discoloration when used on light-colored stones, limiting their widespread use. 4. Ceramic grinding stones are made by mixing silicon carbide with vitreous material and firing at high temperatures. They are durable but prone to clogging and slipping, making them less commonly used today due to high costs. 5. Metal-bond grinding discs are made by sintering diamond with metal powder. They offer high processing efficiency and excellent results, starting from 50# and up to 20# for coarser grains. They are best suited for smoothing rough surfaces and are highly effective for creating flat, even finishes. However, they are expensive. 6. Resin-bond grinding discs combine diamond single crystals, fine powder, and resin. They are more affordable than metal-bond discs and provide good efficiency. They are mainly used for fine grinding after metal-bond tools have smoothed the surface, offering a moderate cost and good performance.

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