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Explain.
With the rapid development of the national economy, the living standards of our people have generally improved, and people's demand for housing has also grown rapidly. Housing construction has become a new growth point for China's national economy.
It can be expected that there will be a large increase in the construction of housing in China for a long time to come. At the same time, people will put forward higher requirements for the comfort of the house. The households will purchase a large number of air-conditioning and heating equipment. In the middle cities, the development of central heating is the mainstay, and all of this must be based on the consumption of large amounts of energy.
China is a country with a shortage of per capita resources. Energy shortage is the main contradiction restricting China's economic development. Therefore, building energy conservation has become the key to alleviating China's energy shortages, improving people's living environment quality, reducing environmental pollution, and implementing sustainable development strategy goals. ring. Promoting building energy conservation will be a long-term national policy for the development of housing construction in China. The following is a brief description of the performance and application of external thermal insulation technology in building energy conservation work.
1 Wall insulation is the main way to save energy in buildings. It is mainly to improve the insulation performance of building envelopes (including walls, doors and windows, roofs, floors, etc.).
In the building envelope structure, the wall accounts for the largest proportion of heating energy consumption, accounting for 32.1%~36.2% of the total energy consumption to improve the insulation performance of the wall, which is the top priority of building energy conservation work. When heating and air conditioning equipment were not used, people did not pay enough attention to the problem of heating energy consumption. With the large-scale use of heating and air-conditioning equipment, it has been found that the wall heat transfer consumes the most energy in the entire envelope structure. If a thin layer of high-efficiency thermal insulation material is added to the outside of the wall, the wall The insulation performance will be fundamentally improved. Based on this understanding, people began to use new wall materials with good insulation effect and high energy efficiency in residential construction to reduce the heat consumption index of the wall.
At present, the external wall insulation of energy-saving houses in China is divided into four types: internal insulation, sandwich insulation, external insulation and comprehensive insulation. They have good effects on reducing the wall heat consumption index, but there are big differences in energy efficiency. External thermal insulation is the main form of thermal insulation promoted by the Ministry of Construction. Because it has the most direct insulation method and the best effect, it is the most widely used building insulation technology in China. The main advantages are as follows: (1) The external thermal insulation uses a polystyrene board with extremely low thermal conductivity to fully protect the building, ensuring the continuity of the insulation layer, eliminating the thermal bridge phenomenon, and reducing the free exchange of indoor and outdoor hot and cold air. , improve the insulation efficiency of the envelope structure.
(2) The external thermal insulation material is not occupied by the external wall, and the effective utilization rate of the house is not affected.
(3) External thermal insulation The thermal insulation material with good thermal stability is placed outside, and the masonry with high heat storage value is located inside, and the structural level is reasonable, which is beneficial to improve the thermal stability of the room. Through the random absorption and heat release of the wall itself, the heating and living heat energy can be effectively utilized to improve the comfort level of the living room.
(4) After the external thermal insulation, the temperature change caused by the natural environment is mainly blocked in the thermal insulation layer, which not only effectively improves the influence of the summer and winter environment on the indoor comfort, but also the dry and wet freeze-dissolved changes are relatively gentle, so that the main structure is protected. The probability of occurrence of cracks, deformation, and damage is greatly reduced, and the service life of the building is improved.
(5) External insulation is suitable for both the insulation and energy conservation of new buildings, and can also be used for energy-saving renovation of existing buildings. By using the easy-to-cut characteristics of polystyrene board, it can also be cut into various decorative lines and European styles to meet the needs of interior decoration and increase the aesthetic effect of the building.
3 Performance requirements of external thermal insulation system 3.1 Thermal insulation performance Thermal insulation performance is a key indicator of external thermal insulation quality.
Sufficient thickness to meet local building requirements for energy efficient design standards. At the same time, appropriate structural measures should be taken to avoid some local thermal bridge problems. In general, permanent mechanical anchoring, temporary fixing such as through-wall pipes, or attachment of attachments on the outer wall often results in localized thermal bridges. In the design and construction, it should be avoided as much as possible to avoid the obvious influence of the thermal insulation performance of the external wall on the external wall, and it will not cause traces (such as rust spots) that affect the appearance of the wall in the future. When the external thermal insulation system is made of polystyrene or rock wool When the board is combined with the insulation board, its insulation performance shall be determined or tested according to the actual construction and the thermal performance parameters of the constituent materials. The thickness of the insulation layer should be considered for the influence of the steel wire and other thermal bridges that pass through.
3.2 The stability is firmly combined with the base wall, which is the basic link to ensure the stability of the outer insulation layer. The surface treatment work of Xinjiang wall is generally easier to do, but for existing buildings, the surface condition must be carefully checked. If the surface layer is loose or empty, it must be carefully cleaned to ensure insulation and wall. Closely integrated.
The external thermal insulation system should be able to withstand the combined effects of the following factors: under the most unfavorable temperature and humidity conditions in the local area, it can withstand the combined load of various internal and external forces such as wind, dead weight and normal collision. Under such severe conditions, The insulation layer is still not separated from the substrate and falls off.
When the insulation board is fixed with adhesive or mechanical fasteners, it must meet the maximum wind force in the area, height and orientation, and maintain stability in the wet state; the adhesive must be water resistant, and the mechanical anchor should not be corroded. .
3.3 Fire treatment Although the insulation layer is outside the outer wall, the fire treatment cannot be ignored.
When using polystyrene foam board as the outer insulation material, it is necessary to use flame-retardant sheet; the surface and window and other sides must be completely covered with fireproof material, and there must be no exposed parts; when the building exceeds a certain height, Special fire protection construction shall be provided, for example, a fire barrier shall be provided on every other floor; at each fire barrier or door window mesh and cladding mortar shall be folded to the masonry or concrete wall and fixed to protect Polystyrene foam board to avoid spreading during fire; thick plaster surface layer to improve the fire resistance of the insulation layer.
3.4 The surface of the hot and humid external thermal insulation wall, including the surface layer, the joint, the periphery of the hole, the surrounding of the door and window opening, etc., should be sealed to make it have good waterproof performance and prevent rainwater from entering the interior and causing damage. Many engineering practices have proved that there are gaps in the porous surface layer or the surface layer, which is easily damaged in the case of rainwater infiltration and freezing in the cold.
Condensation inside the wall or inside the insulation is harmful and appropriate technical measures should be taken to avoid it.
During the drying process of the newly built wall, or under winter conditions, the wall may condense when the water vapor on the higher side of the indoor temperature migrates to the outside. When the indoor humidity is low and the indoor wall is in good condition, condensation due to wet migration of water vapor in the wall can be avoided.
Through condensation calculation, it is possible to obtain the water vapor permeation condition at different levels of the wall of a certain structure under certain climatic conditions (indoor and outdoor air temperature and humidity).
The external thermal insulation wall should be able to withstand the harshest local climate and its changes. No matter how high temperature or cold weather, no matter how drastic changes in the external surface temperature (temperature difference up to 50 °C), the external insulation system should not cause irreversible damage or deformation.
3.5 Impact resistance The external thermal insulation system should be able to withstand the collision of human body and moving articles caused by normal traffic. In the event of a general collision, it will not cause damage to the external insulation system. When the air conditioner is installed thereon or the maintenance facility is placed in a conventional manner, the surface layer is not cracked or perforated.
3.6 Unaffected by deformation of the main structure When the attached main body structure produces normal deformation, such as shrinkage, creep, expansion, etc., the external thermal insulation system does not cause any cracks or disengagement.
3.7 Durability The average life of the external thermal insulation structure shall be more than 25 years under normal use and maintenance conditions. This requires chemical and physical stability of various components of the external insulation system (including insulation materials, adhesives, fixings, reinforcing materials, facing materials, vapor barrier materials, sealing pastes, etc.).
All materials have properties, either through protection, treatment, should be made during the life of the structure, under normal conditions of use, due to dry, wet or galvanic corrosion, and due to insects, fungi or algae growth, or rodent Damage and other invasiveness will not cause damage.
All materials should be compatible with each other; the quality of the materials used and the surface plaster should be in accordance with the quality requirements of the relevant national standards.
The above properties should be maintained throughout the life span under the influence of various internal and external forces, especially under the repeated action of temperature and humidity changes, the performance will not be damaged.
4 Requirements for external wall insulation project 4.1 The project material Publis should be carefully maintained. 11 At the same time, it is also necessary to consider (in the construction process of the external thermal insulation project, the above performance requirements should be the value of the human resources management department, which is achieved by improving the efficiency of employees and the efficiency of the organization. Human resource management work, Only by combining with the strategic goals of the company and integrating daily work into the business can we create the value of our work. Human resource managers must work for value-added services and create conditions for the departments that directly create value. In order to win the corresponding respect, the human resources department creates value for the enterprise mainly from several aspects: (1) through employee career design and implementation, systematic training, accurate assessment, effective incentives, strengthen teamwork, and improve employee participation and satisfaction. Degree, improve work efficiency, which is conducive to the technological innovation and competitiveness of enterprises.
(2) Combine the human resources strategy with the overall business strategy of the enterprise, actively promote the adjustment and optimization of the organization, organize the strategy, organize personnel, strengthen key positions, and reduce redundant positions and personnel.
(3) Proactively publicizing the corporate culture in external activities, such as personnel recruitment activities, human resources seminars, and business dealings with social insurance organizations, with the appearance of a good corporate human resources management personnel.
In short, the modern human resource management concept requires us to start from the long-term goal of the enterprise and use the human resources management department as a profit center that can bring huge benefits to the enterprise. By selecting people by mechanism, using the system to manage people, and using the ability to use people, to establish a performance-oriented employment mechanism, it is necessary to look at the process, but also to see the results, to achieve success in heroes, rewards and punishments, wages according to the facts, bonuses according to contributions, This requires our human resources managers to actively change their concepts, adapt to the transformation of the role of human resources management, adapt to the positioning of human resources management departments, and strive to create value for enterprises.
(Continued from page 69) Other properties of expanded polystyrene sheets. For example, if the density is too small, the strength is too low, the strain is large when subjected to mechanical load, the engineering quality is difficult to ensure, and the thermal conductivity of the material is also increased, the thermal insulation performance is lowered, and the predetermined energy saving effect is not achieved. Therefore, the density of the expanded polystyrene sheet for external thermal insulation is controlled to be 15-20 kg/m3, and the minimum compressive strength is 71 kPa. The thermal conductivity is generally below 0. 041 w/mk, and the thickness is generally 50-80 mm for fire safety. The polystyrene board should have flame retardant properties.
When polystyrene board is used as the insulation layer, the polymer mortar should be used as the reinforcing material of the outer insulation layer when it is used as the surface layer. It should have alkali resistance and sufficient tensile strength and be fixed by bonding method. When the ultimate tensile strength exceeds 150N/cm, when mechanically anchored, it should exceed 250N/cm. The ultimate elongation of glass fiber mesh should be as low as possible, and its elongation should not exceed 3%~5%. In order to avoid skin cracking at the joint of the polystyrene plate, the mesh size is also important, and the mesh size is appropriate. It is possible that the mortar outside the mesh cloth penetrates each other and is integrated, and the stress in the surface mortar is easy to Mesh cloth transfer, mesh size is generally not more than 150g / m2. In the construction must be carefully checked into the polystyrene board and fiberglass mesh cloth, check the product certificate, technical specifications, if necessary, can be sampled and tested Whether it meets the design requirements and specifications.
The outer wall insulation decoration of expanded polystyrene board belongs to energy-saving new technology and new technology. In order to ensure the quality of the project, there are also high requirements for the quality and performance of other materials, such as adhesives for fixing boards and walls. Flexible water-resistant putty, polymer emulsion flexible coatings, sealants and anchors must meet the design requirements and specifications.
4.2 Before the construction of the project, the construction plan of the expanded polystyrene board for the external wall shall be prepared, and the technical delivery and safety shall be carried out. The construction plan should be specific and operability. For example, the location, specification, quantity and anti-corrosion treatment of the anchor should meet the design requirements and specifications. The lap joint of the fiber mesh cloth and the additional position and method of reinforcing the mesh cloth are detailed for the details of the door and window opening, the balcony, the awning, the parapet wall, the deformation joint and the like. At the same time, in the construction process, it is necessary to strengthen the self-inspection, mutual inspection and special inspection, and timely make the concealed acceptance work, it can effectively control and improve the construction quality of the external thermal insulation, and provide a reliable guarantee for ensuring the insulation quality of the external wall.
(Finish)
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