Watering
From a water conservation perspective, it is recommended to apply spring irrigation to wheat fields in two stages. For normal wheat fields that have already been watered with frozen water, if the soil condition is good, there is no need to re-apply green water. The optimal time for spring irrigation of wheat is during the jointing stage, which usually falls between late March and early April. The second irrigation should take place during the heading and flowering period, typically from late April to early May. The exact timing depends on the moisture level of the soil and the growth status of the crop. If irrigation conditions are favorable and the weather is dry, a third irrigation can be applied.
Fertilization
Choosing the right fertilizer is crucial for wheat growth. In low-yield fields, applying single nitrogen fertilizers such as urea or ammonium bicarbonate is sufficient. However, for medium and high-yield fields, it is recommended to use nitrogen and potassium topdressing based on soil testing and formula fertilizers. Specialized nitrogen and potassium topdressing is designed according to the nutritional needs of wheat, focusing on the balance of nutrients and their forms. Experiments have shown that using only nitrogen-based fertilizers like urea or ammonium bicarbonate often leads to underdeveloped roots and lodging due to low potassium levels in most soils. On the other hand, using specialized nitrogen and potassium topdressing promotes root development, enhances resistance to lodging, drought, cold, and diseases, and increases the 1000-grain weight, leading to a significant increase in yield. Compared to using urea alone, applying nitrogen and potassium topdressing at the same cost can increase production by 50 to 100 kg per mu.
The recommended proportion and content of nitrogen and potassium topdressing include options like 30% (25-0-5), 30% (22-0-8), and 30% (20-0-10), with varying potassium content depending on the soil's potassium deficiency. It is advised to apply 25–30 kg per mu.
Fertilization timing varies depending on the condition of the wheat field. For weak seedlings, spring management should focus on promoting growth, combining green water application with green fertilizer. The second topdressing should be done during the jointing stage. For general wheat fields, a balanced approach of promotion and control is recommended. Fields with low fertility may benefit from two topdressings during the jointing stage, while those with strong growth and high fertility should receive fertilizer after the first stem has been fixed. For overgrown wheat fields, spring management should emphasize control, and fertilization should occur at the end of the jointing stage. Over-application should be avoided to prevent delaying maturity.
Author: Li Yan Road
Source: China Agriculture News Network
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