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In order to reduce vehicle weight and fuel consumption, the use of high-strength steel for bolts and screws has become a key trend in the automotive industry. However, delayed fracture remains a major technical challenge that limits its widespread adoption. As a result, there is a growing demand for steel with anti-delayed fracture properties. Additionally, improvements in secondary processing of wire materials are being explored to enhance non-phosphorus films, which are increasingly used in modern steel production. Although non-phosphorus coatings have been implemented in practice, their heat resistance, lubrication performance, and rust protection still lag behind traditional zinc phosphate coatings. Further research and development are needed to improve these properties for broader application.
In recent years, steel producers have made significant progress in minimizing surface scratches during processes like steelmaking, continuous casting, slab trimming, and hot forging. However, during transportation and coil handling, surface damage becomes more evident. To address this issue, some companies have stopped using forklifts for transport, while others have adopted automated three-dimensional warehouses to maintain better surface quality. Rolled wire rods shipped from steel mills are particularly vulnerable to surface scratches during transit. Various preventive measures have been introduced, including improved packaging methods using recycled materials, which have proven effective. Additionally, specialized coil frames are now used for shipping, especially as global economic conditions have led to longer transport distances and increased surface damage risks. Surface scratches can occur at any stage of the transport process, so all stakeholders must continuously implement subtle yet effective measures, such as using cushioning materials, to prevent damage.
If the strength variation in steel wire is too large, it directly affects the strength consistency of bolts and screws, and may also lead to minor dimensional or shape deviations. To cut costs, some manufacturers skip conventional cutting and polishing steps, which could amplify these small inconsistencies. Therefore, reducing and controlling strength variation in steel wire is a critical area for future research. While strict control of chemical composition has yielded positive results, wire manufacturers must explore additional strategies to ensure uniformity throughout the heat treatment process.
When cracks are detected during cold forging, wire mills often rely on visual inspection to identify and remove defective products. However, surface scratches have become a major cause of cracking in recent years. These scratches are typically short in length, rare in occurrence, and sometimes only one or two cracks appear per roll. This makes visual inspection both time-consuming and costly for wire mills. From the perspective of material cost and competitiveness in screw production, developing a reliable and low-cost automatic inspection system that can detect harmless minute defects is a pressing challenge for the future. (Aoyama) (Article source: Steellink Information)
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