Cross-Region Power Transmission Plays a Role of "Fresh Forces"

This summer, record-breaking temperatures across the country led to a sharp increase in electricity demand. In July, the power grids in North China, East China, Central China, and the Northwest region, along with 21 provincial grids, all set historical records for electricity load. Despite the extreme conditions, there were no major power shortages or warnings issued by government authorities regarding summer electricity supply. This was largely due to two key factors: first, the overall coal supply remained stable, ensuring smooth industrial operations, which played a critical role in supporting peak summer electricity needs. Second, the State Grid Corporation of China has been actively promoting cross-regional power transmission, especially through newly commissioned ultra-high voltage (UHV) lines, which have become a vital force in maintaining a steady power supply. For example, in East China, the State Grid fully utilized its cross-regional transmission channels in July, dispatching UHV DC lines at full capacity—6.4 million kilowatts from the Jin-Su line and 5.2 million kilowatts from the Three Gorges DC line. Combined with other inter-regional channels, the total power delivered reached 24.52 million kilowatts, an increase of 6 million kilowatts compared to the previous summer. That’s equivalent to building six new thermal power plants. In the Yangtze River Delta region, receiving power from outside the region has become the main way to meet rising electricity demand, with Jiangsu receiving 15% of its power from outside the region and Shanghai over 35%. Ten years ago, during a similarly hot summer, the country faced nationwide power shortages. Provinces in the East China grid experienced widespread blackouts due to insufficient power supply. At that time, rapid economic growth and seasonal factors caused a surge in demand, while power infrastructure could not keep up. The lack of inter-regional grid connections also made it difficult to balance supply and demand, leading to severe power shortages that spread quickly. To address these challenges and improve the grid’s ability to efficiently allocate resources on a larger scale, the State Grid has been working on expanding UHV transmission projects. These efforts have proven effective in stabilizing power supply, reducing coal transportation pressures, and optimizing resource distribution. Looking ahead, with growing constraints such as air pollution control, energy consumption limits, and land scarcity, the central and eastern regions will face increasing difficulty in building new power sources. According to the new action plan for pollution control, key areas like Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta must see a decline in coal use. By 2020, the electricity gap in the eastern and central regions is expected to exceed 200 million kilowatts. To meet future demands, the government should focus on planning and constructing more UHV AC/DC transmission lines. This will ensure a stable and safe power supply while promoting clean and sustainable development. The author proposes three key strategies to enhance cross-regional transmission: First, accelerate the development of hydropower bases in Southwest China and the construction of outbound transmission channels. Sichuan plans to add over 10 million kilowatts of hydropower capacity annually in the next two years, and more than 30 million kilowatts during the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period. It is recommended to fast-track the approval and construction of UHV projects, such as Ya’an-Tongnan, to create a combined model of hydropower and AC-DC transmission, effectively addressing the issue of water and electricity waste. Second, expand power transmission from coal power bases in Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia. Leveraging their proximity to load centers, these regions can increase power exports to the east and central areas through UHV lines. By 2020, this effort could boost power supply capacity in those regions by over 100 million kilowatts. Additionally, the Xinjiang-Jiangdian DC transmission line to Sichuan should be developed to create a complementary power structure, meeting Sichuan’s electricity needs during dry seasons. Third, speed up the approval of wind power transmission projects in Jiuquan and Mengxi, expanding the market for wind energy and reducing curtailment issues. Research shows that by 2020, over 70% of wind power in the “Three North” regions will need to be exported. Bundling renewable energy with outbound transmission channels can maximize clean energy utilization and improve the efficiency and economics of the grid.

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