Development trend of wire secondary processing technology for bolts and screws

In order to reduce vehicle weight and improve fuel efficiency, the use of high-strength steel for bolts and screws has become a key trend in the automotive industry. However, delayed fracture remains a critical challenge that hinders widespread adoption. To address this, researchers are focusing on developing steel with enhanced resistance to delayed fracture. Additionally, improvements in secondary processing of wire materials are being explored to enhance non-phosphorus coatings. While non-phosphorus films have been implemented in practice, their heat resistance, lubrication performance, and rust protection still lag behind traditional zinc phosphate coatings. Further research and development are necessary to bring these alternatives up to par. Over the past few years, steel manufacturers have made significant progress in minimizing surface defects during processes like steelmaking, continuous casting, slab trimming, and hot forging. Despite these improvements, surface scratches caused by coil handling and transportation remain a concern. Some companies have taken measures such as avoiding forklifts for transport or using automated storage systems to maintain better surface quality. Rolled wire rods, in particular, are vulnerable to scratches during transit, prompting the development of various anti-scratch solutions. Simple recycling packaging methods have proven effective, and specialized coil frames are also being used. With the global economic slowdown leading to longer transport distances, the issue of surface damage has become more pronounced. All stakeholders must continue to implement subtle but effective measures, such as using cushioning materials, to protect the surface quality of the product throughout the supply chain. Variations in the strength of steel wire can directly impact the mechanical properties of bolts and screws, leading to inconsistencies in both strength and dimensional accuracy. When conventional cutting and polishing steps are skipped to reduce costs, even minor deviations in shape and size can become problematic. Therefore, reducing and controlling the variation in wire strength is an important area of future research. Although strict control of chemical composition has helped, wire manufacturers must also explore new techniques to ensure uniformity across the entire length of the wire during heat treatment. When cracks are detected during cold forging, wire mills often resort to visual inspection to identify and remove defective products. In recent years, surface scratches have emerged as a major cause of such cracks, characterized by short, rare occurrences—sometimes only one or two per roll. This makes manual inspection a time-consuming and costly process. From a cost-competitiveness standpoint, there is a growing need for reliable and affordable automatic inspection systems that can detect harmless minute defects without requiring extensive human intervention. (Aoyama) (Article source: Steellink Information)

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