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First, the benefits of autumn Shi base fertilizer Autumn Shi base fertilizer time, generally applied in the autumn September to October. This is because this time is the peak growth of the root system, the wound root is easy to heal, and the nutrient storage level can be improved. In addition, the temperature is high and the soil temperature is suitable, which is beneficial to microbial reproduction, and is beneficial to the decomposition and root absorption of organic fertilizer. Increase the utilization rate of fertilizers, increase the resistance to stress, especially cold resistance, and help the flower buds continue to differentiate and enrich. The organic fertilizer can fully meet the needs of germination, flowering, branching and leaf spreading in the coming spring. Nutrients. At the same time, the application of base fertilizer in autumn can improve soil structure and fertility, which is an important management measure.
Second, the fertilization types are mainly organic fertilizers (circle fertilizer, compost, dried chicken manure, various cake fertilizers, grass fertilizers, green manure). These fertilizers contain various nutrients required by plants, orchards and trace amounts of organic fertilizers. Rich in elements and less prone to deficiency. Therefore, organic fertilizer is an important fertilizer for fruit trees with high yield, stable yield and high quality.
Third, the reasonable allocation of amount of autumn base fertilizer, mainly based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by fertilizer. The combination of soil improvement and support, combined with slow effect and quick effect, according to different ages, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of chemical fertilizer is also different, and the young tree has more nitrogen fertilizer. As a result, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be more appropriate. The amount of fertilizer applied should be determined according to unit area, age, and yield. The young tree plant is applied with 15 kg of organic fertilizer and 1 kg of chemical fertilizer. The result tree is determined according to the yield. The output per mu is 2000 kg of orchard. The organic fertilizer should reach the weight of the fruit; the orchard with an output of more than 3,000 kg per mu, organic fertilizer Should be achieved "jin pounds and half fat" or "jinji two pounds of fertilizer." On the basis of applying organic fertilizer, 150 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 100 kg of potassium fertilizer are applied. The amount of fertilizer applied in autumn should account for more than 80% of the annual fertilization amount.
Fourth, the method of fertilization Young trees use a circular groove to cast. Most mature trees adopt strip-like ditch casting, radiation ditch casting, acupoint application or whole garden spreading method; in mountainous dryland orchards, more points should be used to store fertilizer and water, the specific methods are as follows:
1. Ring groove casting method. Along the periphery of the canopy, an annular groove with a width of 30-40 cm and a depth of 30-50 cm is dug, and the fertilizer is applied into the ditch and then covered with soil.
2. Strip groove application. Dig a groove 50 cm deep and 40 cm wide on the opposite sides of the canopy. The length should be slightly shorter than the canopy, and the fertilizer should be applied into the ditch and then covered with soil. In the coming year, change to the other side to divide the trench.
3. Radial groove application. Centering on the trunk, 3-5 horizontally and 40 cm wide and 30-50 cm deep trenches are drilled from the trunk at a distance of 1 m from the trunk, extending from shallow to deep to the outer edge of the canopy. And the fertilization position can be changed every other year, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of fertilizer.
4. Point cast. Under the tree tray within 30 cm of the canopy, dig 4-6 deep pits around the canopy, 50 cm deep, 40 cm in diameter, and apply fertilizer to cover the soil.
5. The whole garden is cast. Spread the fertilizer into the orchard and then turn it into the soil to a depth of about 20-30 cm.
6. Hole storage fertilizer method. 50 cm inside the outer edge of the canopy, digging 4 holes, 30 cm in diameter and 40 cm in depth. The hole is large and small. In the center of the hole, a bundle of grass or orange stems soaked in water is placed. 20 cm, about 30 cm long, after erecting the grass, each hole is mixed with organic and inorganic fertilizer (quantified according to the size of the tree). The grass is filled with water, then watered for 30 kg, and finally covered with a thick plastic film. The edges are compacted with soil, and 3-5 holes are placed on each hole of the film to fertilize water and rain. The hole is valid for 3-5 years, and the film is changed once a year.
Autumn Shiji Fertilizer is the foundation for high-quality and high-yield fruit. It is necessary to do this work well in order to achieve a better harvest of the next year's fruit.
Second, the fertilization types are mainly organic fertilizers (circle fertilizer, compost, dried chicken manure, various cake fertilizers, grass fertilizers, green manure). These fertilizers contain various nutrients required by plants, orchards and trace amounts of organic fertilizers. Rich in elements and less prone to deficiency. Therefore, organic fertilizer is an important fertilizer for fruit trees with high yield, stable yield and high quality.
Third, the reasonable allocation of amount of autumn base fertilizer, mainly based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by fertilizer. The combination of soil improvement and support, combined with slow effect and quick effect, according to different ages, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of chemical fertilizer is also different, and the young tree has more nitrogen fertilizer. As a result, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be more appropriate. The amount of fertilizer applied should be determined according to unit area, age, and yield. The young tree plant is applied with 15 kg of organic fertilizer and 1 kg of chemical fertilizer. The result tree is determined according to the yield. The output per mu is 2000 kg of orchard. The organic fertilizer should reach the weight of the fruit; the orchard with an output of more than 3,000 kg per mu, organic fertilizer Should be achieved "jin pounds and half fat" or "jinji two pounds of fertilizer." On the basis of applying organic fertilizer, 150 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 100 kg of potassium fertilizer are applied. The amount of fertilizer applied in autumn should account for more than 80% of the annual fertilization amount.
Fourth, the method of fertilization Young trees use a circular groove to cast. Most mature trees adopt strip-like ditch casting, radiation ditch casting, acupoint application or whole garden spreading method; in mountainous dryland orchards, more points should be used to store fertilizer and water, the specific methods are as follows:
1. Ring groove casting method. Along the periphery of the canopy, an annular groove with a width of 30-40 cm and a depth of 30-50 cm is dug, and the fertilizer is applied into the ditch and then covered with soil.
2. Strip groove application. Dig a groove 50 cm deep and 40 cm wide on the opposite sides of the canopy. The length should be slightly shorter than the canopy, and the fertilizer should be applied into the ditch and then covered with soil. In the coming year, change to the other side to divide the trench.
3. Radial groove application. Centering on the trunk, 3-5 horizontally and 40 cm wide and 30-50 cm deep trenches are drilled from the trunk at a distance of 1 m from the trunk, extending from shallow to deep to the outer edge of the canopy. And the fertilization position can be changed every other year, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of fertilizer.
4. Point cast. Under the tree tray within 30 cm of the canopy, dig 4-6 deep pits around the canopy, 50 cm deep, 40 cm in diameter, and apply fertilizer to cover the soil.
5. The whole garden is cast. Spread the fertilizer into the orchard and then turn it into the soil to a depth of about 20-30 cm.
6. Hole storage fertilizer method. 50 cm inside the outer edge of the canopy, digging 4 holes, 30 cm in diameter and 40 cm in depth. The hole is large and small. In the center of the hole, a bundle of grass or orange stems soaked in water is placed. 20 cm, about 30 cm long, after erecting the grass, each hole is mixed with organic and inorganic fertilizer (quantified according to the size of the tree). The grass is filled with water, then watered for 30 kg, and finally covered with a thick plastic film. The edges are compacted with soil, and 3-5 holes are placed on each hole of the film to fertilize water and rain. The hole is valid for 3-5 years, and the film is changed once a year.
Autumn Shiji Fertilizer is the foundation for high-quality and high-yield fruit. It is necessary to do this work well in order to achieve a better harvest of the next year's fruit.
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