New development trend of five-axis high-speed machining center

In the past ten years, due to the continuous advancement of cutting tools, drives, controls and machine tools, high-speed machining and high-efficiency machining, especially high-speed hard milling, have been widely used and promoted in the mold manufacturing industry. Traditional EDM machining Many occasions have been replaced by high-speed hard milling.

Through high-speed hard milling, the integrated processing of the mold blank under one clamping not only greatly improves the processing precision and surface quality of the mold, greatly reduces the processing time, and simplifies the production process, thereby significantly shortening the manufacturing of the mold. Cycles reduce mold production costs.

The ever-increasing performance of high-speed machining centers is an important prerequisite for the mold manufacturing industry to process molds efficiently and with high precision. In recent years, driven by the drive technology, many different types of high-speed machining centers with structural innovation and excellent performance have emerged. The three-axis high-speed machining center that appeared in the mid-to-late 1990s (such as the HSM700 high-speed machining center introduced by Mikron in Switzerland in late 1996) has now developed into a five-axis high-speed machining center. In the drive mode, the linear motor (X/Y/Z axis) servo motor and ball screw drive have been developed to the current linear motor drive, and the rotary motion (A and C axis) uses a direct drive torque motor. Some companies have developed the machining center into a five-axis machining center that uses direct drive through linear motors and torque motors. Significantly improved the travel speed, dynamic performance and positioning accuracy of the machining center.

Structural features and advantages of high-speed machining centers

A high-speed machining center for mold processing, a common structural feature is the use of a gantry frame structure to enhance the rigidity of the machine tool and to make full use of the space in the processing area. The material of the machine bed is mostly made of polymer concrete. Because of its good damping performance and low thermal conductivity, it is beneficial to improve the machining accuracy of the mold.

At present, according to the configuration of the coordinate axes, the five-axis machining center can basically be divided into two structural types. One is that three linear axes (X/Y/Z) are used for the tool movement and two additional rotary axes (A and C) for the structural version of the workpiece's swivel and swivel. This type of high-speed machining centers, such as RXP500DS/RXP800DS from Rder, Germany, GS1000/5-T from Alzmetall, Germany, HSM400U/HSM600U from Mikro, Switzerland, and XSM400U/XSM600U from ultra-high-speed machining centers, and Hermle from Germany C30U/C40U/C50U, etc. The other is that one of the five coordinate axes (A) is arranged on the spindle head, and the spindle cutter is swung by the fork spindle head, and the swing spindle head can also be firmly clamped. Position at any position within the range of the swing angle.

This type of machine tools are DMC75V linear/DMC105V linear from DMG, Germany, HPM1850U from Mikro and GAMMA605/1200 from Germany Rolf Wisser. Some machine tools have a swing axis and a rotary axis on the spindle head, such as the G996V/BSH/5A high-speed milling center of Parat, Germany, and the 5-axis or six-axis gantry milling machine of Edel, Germany.

The five-axis high-speed machining center is much higher in price than the three-axis machining center. According to the price comparison between the five-axis machining center of the DMG 75V series and the three-axis machining center, the five-axis is about 50% higher than the price of the three-axis. The five-axis high-speed machining center is expensive, but this high-end machine is especially suitable for machining complex molds. When machining a deeper and steeper cavity, the five-axis machining center can create the best process conditions for the machining of the end mill by the additional rotation and swing of the workpiece or the spindle head, and avoid the tool and the shank and cavity wall. Collision occurs, reducing the risk of tool shake and tool breakage, which helps to improve the surface quality, machining efficiency and tool durability of the mold. When purchasing a machining center, the user selects a three-axis machining center or a five-axis machining center, which should be determined according to the complexity and precision of the mold cavity geometry.

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