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**Steel Theoretical Mass Calculation Formula**
Understanding how to calculate the theoretical mass of steel is essential for engineers, architects, and construction professionals. These formulas help estimate the weight of various steel products based on their dimensions, which can be useful for cost estimation and material planning. Below is a detailed guide with formulas, units, and examples for different types of steel products.
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| **Name** | **Unit** | **Calculation Formula** | **Example** |
|------------------------|------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Round Steel Wire Rod | kg/m | $ w = 0.006165 \times d^2 $
Where $ d $ is the diameter (mm) | For a round steel rod with a diameter of 80 mm:
$ 0.006165 \times 80^2 = 39.46 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Rebar | kg/m | $ w = 0.00617 \times d^2 $
Where $ d $ is the section diameter (mm) | For a rebar with a diameter of 12 mm:
$ 0.00617 \times 12^2 = 0.89 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Square Steel | kg/m | $ w = 0.00785 \times d^2 $
Where $ d $ is the edge width (mm) | For square steel with a side width of 30 mm:
$ 0.00785 \times 30^2 = 7.07 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Flat Steel | kg/m | $ w = 0.00785 \times d \times b $
Where $ d $ is the width (mm), $ b $ is the thickness (mm) | For flat steel with a width of 40 mm and thickness of 5 mm:
$ 0.00785 \times 40 \times 5 = 1.57 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Hexagonal Steel | kg/m | $ w = 0.006798 \times d^2 $
Where $ d $ is the distance between opposite sides (mm) | For hexagonal steel with a side distance of 50 mm:
$ 0.006798 \times 50^2 = 17.00 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Octagonal Steel | kg/m | $ w = 0.006798 \times d^2 $
Where $ d $ is the distance between opposite sides (mm) | For octagonal steel with a side distance of 80 mm:
$ 0.006798 \times 80^2 = 43.51 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Equal Angle Steel | kg/m | $ w = 0.00785 \times [d(2b - d) + 0.215(R^2 - 2r^2)] $
Where $ b $ is the side width, $ d $ is the thickness, $ R $ is the inner radius, and $ r $ is the end radius | For 4 mm x 20 mm equal angle steel:
$ 0.00785 \times [4(2 \times 20 - 4) + 0.215(3.5^2 - 2 \times 1.2^2)] = 1.15 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Unequal Angle Steel | kg/m | $ w = 0.00785 \times [d(B + b - d) + 0.215(R^2 - 2r^2)] $
Where $ B $ is the long side, $ b $ is the short side, $ d $ is the thickness, $ R $ and $ r $ are radii | For 30 mm x 20 mm x 4 mm unequal angle steel:
$ 0.00785 \times [4(30 + 20 - 4) + 0.215(3.5^2 - 2 \times 1.2^2)] = 1.46 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Channel Steel | kg/m | $ w = 0.00785 \times [hd + 2t(b - d) + 0.349(R^2 - r^2)] $
Where $ h $ is height, $ b $ is leg length, $ d $ is waist thickness, $ t $ is average leg thickness, $ R $ and $ r $ are radii | For 80 mm x 43 mm x 5 mm channel steel:
$ 0.00785 \times [80 \times 5 + 2 \times 8(43 - 5) + 0.349(8^2 - 4^2)] = 8.04 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | I-Beam | kg/m | $ w = 0.00785 \times [hd + 2t(b - d) + 0.8584(R^2 - r^2)] $
Similar parameters as channel steel | For 250 mm x 118 mm x 10 mm I-beam:
$ 0.00785 \times [250 \times 10 + 2 \times 13(118 - 10) + 0.8584(10^2 - 5^2)] = 42.2 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Steel Plate | kg/m² | $ w = 7.85 \times t $
Where $ t $ is the thickness (mm) | For a 6 mm thick steel plate:
$ 7.85 \times 6 = 47.1 \, \text{kg/m}^2 $ | | Steel Pipe | kg/m | $ w = 0.02466 \times S(D - S) $
Where $ D $ is outer diameter, $ S $ is wall thickness | For a seamless pipe with $ D = 60 $ mm and $ S = 4 $ mm:
$ 0.02466 \times 4 \times (60 - 4) = 5.52 \, \text{kg/m} $ | --- **Note:** The theoretical mass calculated using these formulas may differ slightly from actual measured weights due to manufacturing tolerances and material variations. The error typically ranges between 0.2% to 0.7%, making these calculations suitable for estimation purposes only. Always verify with actual measurements when precision is critical. For more information or updates, visit [http://news.chinawj.com.cn](http://news.chinawj.com.cn). Editor: Hardware Business Network Information Center.
Where $ d $ is the diameter (mm) | For a round steel rod with a diameter of 80 mm:
$ 0.006165 \times 80^2 = 39.46 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Rebar | kg/m | $ w = 0.00617 \times d^2 $
Where $ d $ is the section diameter (mm) | For a rebar with a diameter of 12 mm:
$ 0.00617 \times 12^2 = 0.89 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Square Steel | kg/m | $ w = 0.00785 \times d^2 $
Where $ d $ is the edge width (mm) | For square steel with a side width of 30 mm:
$ 0.00785 \times 30^2 = 7.07 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Flat Steel | kg/m | $ w = 0.00785 \times d \times b $
Where $ d $ is the width (mm), $ b $ is the thickness (mm) | For flat steel with a width of 40 mm and thickness of 5 mm:
$ 0.00785 \times 40 \times 5 = 1.57 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Hexagonal Steel | kg/m | $ w = 0.006798 \times d^2 $
Where $ d $ is the distance between opposite sides (mm) | For hexagonal steel with a side distance of 50 mm:
$ 0.006798 \times 50^2 = 17.00 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Octagonal Steel | kg/m | $ w = 0.006798 \times d^2 $
Where $ d $ is the distance between opposite sides (mm) | For octagonal steel with a side distance of 80 mm:
$ 0.006798 \times 80^2 = 43.51 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Equal Angle Steel | kg/m | $ w = 0.00785 \times [d(2b - d) + 0.215(R^2 - 2r^2)] $
Where $ b $ is the side width, $ d $ is the thickness, $ R $ is the inner radius, and $ r $ is the end radius | For 4 mm x 20 mm equal angle steel:
$ 0.00785 \times [4(2 \times 20 - 4) + 0.215(3.5^2 - 2 \times 1.2^2)] = 1.15 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Unequal Angle Steel | kg/m | $ w = 0.00785 \times [d(B + b - d) + 0.215(R^2 - 2r^2)] $
Where $ B $ is the long side, $ b $ is the short side, $ d $ is the thickness, $ R $ and $ r $ are radii | For 30 mm x 20 mm x 4 mm unequal angle steel:
$ 0.00785 \times [4(30 + 20 - 4) + 0.215(3.5^2 - 2 \times 1.2^2)] = 1.46 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Channel Steel | kg/m | $ w = 0.00785 \times [hd + 2t(b - d) + 0.349(R^2 - r^2)] $
Where $ h $ is height, $ b $ is leg length, $ d $ is waist thickness, $ t $ is average leg thickness, $ R $ and $ r $ are radii | For 80 mm x 43 mm x 5 mm channel steel:
$ 0.00785 \times [80 \times 5 + 2 \times 8(43 - 5) + 0.349(8^2 - 4^2)] = 8.04 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | I-Beam | kg/m | $ w = 0.00785 \times [hd + 2t(b - d) + 0.8584(R^2 - r^2)] $
Similar parameters as channel steel | For 250 mm x 118 mm x 10 mm I-beam:
$ 0.00785 \times [250 \times 10 + 2 \times 13(118 - 10) + 0.8584(10^2 - 5^2)] = 42.2 \, \text{kg/m} $ | | Steel Plate | kg/m² | $ w = 7.85 \times t $
Where $ t $ is the thickness (mm) | For a 6 mm thick steel plate:
$ 7.85 \times 6 = 47.1 \, \text{kg/m}^2 $ | | Steel Pipe | kg/m | $ w = 0.02466 \times S(D - S) $
Where $ D $ is outer diameter, $ S $ is wall thickness | For a seamless pipe with $ D = 60 $ mm and $ S = 4 $ mm:
$ 0.02466 \times 4 \times (60 - 4) = 5.52 \, \text{kg/m} $ | --- **Note:** The theoretical mass calculated using these formulas may differ slightly from actual measured weights due to manufacturing tolerances and material variations. The error typically ranges between 0.2% to 0.7%, making these calculations suitable for estimation purposes only. Always verify with actual measurements when precision is critical. For more information or updates, visit [http://news.chinawj.com.cn](http://news.chinawj.com.cn). Editor: Hardware Business Network Information Center.
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