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The collection of radioactive materials in nuclear power plant environments is a critical and advanced topic in global environmental protection. Filtered nonwoven fabrics have emerged as essential tools in this field, offering the ability to selectively capture radioactive aerosols from the air.
Over the past 50 years, significant progress has been made in Russia, where chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) electrospun nonwovens have been developed for use in nuclear facilities. These materials can withstand ashing temperatures above 500°C, with a coking residue of about 22%. Importantly, they do not react with radioactive substances. This has led to a growing industry demand for filter nonwoven fabrics that operate at lower ashing temperatures, produce no coking residue, and do not release harmful byproducts.
The Karpova Institute of Physics and Chemical Sciences in Russia has conducted extensive research on using polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to create nonwoven filters for capturing suspended particles in nuclear environments. Both polymer fibers exhibit ashing temperatures below 500°C—specifically between 340°C and 370°C—and do not form coking residues. Experiments have confirmed their excellent fiber-forming properties. In preparing the fiber solutions, cyclohexanone was used as the solvent for polystyrene, while PMMA utilized a solvent mixture containing 80% butyl acetate and 20% N,N-dimethylformamide. These solvents enhance the processability of the polymers.
The viscosity of the polymer solution and the flow rate through the capillary are key factors influencing the fiber diameter. Additionally, researchers investigated how the conductivity and electric field strength of the polymer solution affect fiber properties, aiming to optimize the production parameters for high-performance filters.
A comparative test conducted at a Russian nuclear power plant demonstrated that both polystyrene and PMMA nonwovens significantly improved the efficiency of aerosol collection. These advancements highlight the ongoing efforts in developing safer and more effective filtration systems for nuclear environments. (China Textile Network)
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