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1 Detection of fixed resistors.
A The actual resistance value can be measured by connecting the two test leads (not positive or negative) to the two ends of the resistor. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, the range should be selected according to the nominal value of the measured resistance. Due to the nonlinear relationship of the ohmic scale, its middle section is finer. Therefore, the pointer indication value should fall as far as possible to the middle position of the scale, that is, within the range of 20% to 80% radians of the full scale, so that The measurement is more accurate. Depending on the level of resistance error. Errors of ±5%, ±10%, or ±20% are allowed between the reading and the nominal resistance, respectively. If it does not match, if the error range is exceeded, the resistance value is changed.
B Note: When testing, especially when measuring the resistance of tens of kΩ or more, do not touch the conductive part of the test leads and the resistor; the detected resistance is soldered from the circuit, at least one head should be welded to avoid the circuit. The other components have an influence on the test, causing measurement error; although the resistance of the color ring resistor can be determined by the color circle mark, it is better to test the actual resistance value with a multimeter when using it.
2 Detection of cement resistance. The method and precautions for detecting cement resistance are exactly the same as those for detecting ordinary fixed resistors.
3 Detection of the fuse resistor. In the circuit, when the fuse resistor is melted and disconnected, it can be judged according to experience: if the surface of the fuse resistor is found to be black or burnt, it can be concluded that its load is too heavy, and the current passing through it exceeds the rated value many times; If the surface is open without any trace, it means that the current flowing is just equal to or slightly larger than its rated blown value. The judgment of the fuse resistor with no trace on the surface can be measured by the multimeter R×1 block. To ensure accurate measurement, one end of the fuse resistor should be soldered from the circuit. If the measured resistance is infinite, it means that the fuse resistor has failed open circuit. If the measured resistance value is far from the nominal value, it indicates that the resistance value is not suitable for reuse. In the maintenance practice, it is found that a small number of fuse resistors are broken through in the circuit, and attention should be paid to the detection.
4 Potentiometer detection. When checking the potentiometer, first turn the handle to see if the rotation of the handle is smooth, whether the switch is flexible, whether the "click" sound is clear when the switch is on or off, and listen to the internal contact point of the potentiometer and the friction of the resistor body. Sound, if there is a "sand" sound, the quality is not good. When testing with a multimeter, first select the appropriate electrical blocking position of the multimeter according to the resistance of the potentiometer to be tested, and then perform the detection as follows.
A Use the ohmmeter of the multimeter to measure the “1†and “2†ends. The reading should be the nominal resistance of the potentiometer. If the pointer of the multimeter does not move or the resistance value is different, it indicates that the potentiometer is damaged.
B Check if the movable arm of the potentiometer is in good contact with the resistor. Use the ohmmeter of the multimeter to measure both ends of "1", "2" (or "2", "3"), and turn the rotary shaft of the potentiometer counterclockwise to the position close to "off". The smaller the resistance value. The better. Then slowly rotate the shank clockwise, the resistance value should be gradually increased, and the pointer in the meter should move smoothly. When the shank is turned to the extreme position "3", the resistance should be close to the nominal value of the potentiometer. If the pointer of the multimeter has a jumping phenomenon during the rotation of the shaft handle of the potentiometer, it indicates that the movable contact has a fault of poor contact.
5 Positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTC) detection. When testing, use a multimeter R × 1 block, specifically can be divided into two steps:
A Normal temperature detection (indoor temperature is close to 25 °C); the two pins of the PTC thermistor are measured by the two pins to measure the actual resistance, and compared with the nominal resistance, the difference between them is within ±2 Ω. If the actual resistance is too different from the nominal resistance, it indicates poor performance or damage.
B Heating detection; on the basis of the normal temperature test, the second test can be carried out—heating detection, heating a heat source (such as a soldering iron) close to the PTC thermistor, and monitoring the resistance value with a multimeter. It increases with the increase of temperature. If so, the thermistor is normal. If the resistance value does not change, the performance is deteriorated and cannot be used. Be careful not to get the heat source too close to or directly in contact with the PTC thermistor to prevent it from being burnt.
6 Detection of negative temperature coefficient thermistor (NTC).
(1), measuring the nominal resistance value Rt The method of measuring the NTC thermistor with a multimeter is the same as the method of measuring the ordinary fixed resistance, that is, selecting the appropriate electrical barrier according to the nominal resistance of the NTC thermistor can directly measure the Rt Actual value. However, because the NTC thermistor is very sensitive to temperature, the following points should be noted during the test: A Rt is measured by the manufacturer at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C, so when measuring Rt with a multimeter, it should also be close to the ambient temperature. Performed at 25 ° C to ensure the credibility of the test. B The measured power shall not exceed the specified value to avoid measurement errors caused by the current thermal effect. C Pay attention to the correct operation. When testing, do not hold the thermistor body with your hands to prevent the body temperature from affecting the test.
(2) Estimate the temperature coefficient αt First measure the resistance value Rt1 at room temperature t1, then use the electric iron as the heat source, close to the thermistor Rt, measure the resistance value RT2, and measure the thermistor RT with the thermometer. The average temperature t2 of the surface is calculated again.
7 Detection of varistor. Use the R × 1k block of the multimeter to measure the positive and negative insulation resistance between the two pins of the varistor, which are infinite. Otherwise, the leakage current is large. If the measured resistance is small, the varistor is damaged and cannot be used.
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