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The external wall finish stone hanging method is to use the high-strength and corrosion-resistant metal pendant to fix the facing stone on the outer surface of the building by means of bracketing, hanging, pinning and bolting. There are three types of connection fixing methods that are more commonly used, namely end connection, penetration connection and back connection. At present, there are more end-use applications in China.
The end face connection is different according to the shape of the hanging piece, and can be divided into a pin type hanging piece connection, a plate type hanging piece and a through groove hanging piece connection. These three types of connection methods should pay attention to differences in terms of building safety, adaptability, input of materials and ease of processing.
1. Design of the hanging and fixing system
(1) When considering the design conditions of stone, the wind pressure resistance, seismic performance and thermal deformation resistance should be considered.
(2) The strength and rigidity of the bracket. When the stone is subjected to vertical and horizontal loads, the supporting fixture shall not produce harmful deformation, and shall not fall off when there is a predictable maximum deformation.
(3) Materials. The strength and rigidity of the brackets depend on the type of material, the size and the way of forming (cold rolling, extrusion), and the corrosion resistance of the material must also be considered. Generally, the rust steel is the best for the fixed anchors, and the strength and corrosion resistance are in line with the best requirements. In addition to the strength and corrosion resistance, the price is reasonable. Hot-dip galvanized steel is covered with zinc on the surface of the steel to prevent corrosion and rust, but in the long run, the galvanized material has peeling off. Although bronze and brass can also be used as the material for the bracket, the copper ions generated by oxidation in the air are very likely to cause pollution to the stone. In addition, the electrochemical coordination between different metal materials is also very important. When two different metals are in contact, since the potentials of the two are different, the more active metal becomes the anode, and the less active metal becomes the cathode, forming a closed circuit, which causes corrosion due to the current flow between the two electrodes.
Special stone glue is used in the stone tank or in the hole. The adhesive has high bonding strength and certain toughness, and the bonding layer can withstand external forces such as thermal expansion, contraction and vibration, and is superior to imported similar products.
(4) Safety factor setting. Mainly to determine the thickness of the stone and the calculation of the strength of the bracket.
(5) Constructability, good supporting fixtures must have fast and simple installation performance, which not only shortens the construction period, but also increases safety and improves construction quality. At the same time, the supporting fixture must be able to absorb the construction deviation of the wall and the manufacturing deviation of the stone.
2, comparison of pendant materials
2.1 pin pendant
The pin-type pendant is based on the force of the pendant, the weight of the material used and the weight of the stone to be attached, etc., and the diameter and width, width and length of the tongue are determined according to the calculation. After the supervision is confirmed, the entrusted processing factory will process according to the order contract. The material is saved, the processing amount is small, the processing process is simple, and the production can be carried out in batches. The finished product needs to be inspected for items such as surface finish, axial deviation, and radial deviation.
2.2 plate pendant
The plate pendant is divided into an L shape and a T shape, and the production is completed in two steps. In the first step, the two steel plates of the required specifications are processed according to the requirements of the drawings, and then the two steel plates are welded perpendicularly to each other. The processing materials for the steel plates are more than the pin-type hanging pieces, and the necessary processing equipment, welding equipment and professional equipment are required. Weld inspection equipment. During the processing, it is necessary to check the length and width of the steel plate, the quality of the welding rod and the welding quality of the weld by item. If there is any unqualified item, it is strictly forbidden to enter the next process.
2.3 through slot pendant
At present, there are many applications for adding aluminum to form molding materials. The specifications and dimensions are easy to guarantee, but the amount of materials used for pendants is large.
3. Requirements for stone processing in different pendant forms
Regardless of the type of bracketing, the stone must be evaluated first, including the color, pattern, type and price of the stone, origin, suitability, strength and material, surface treatment and ease of processing.
In the process of processing, the difference in the form of different pendants is the drilling or slotting on the end faces of the slabs.
(1) For the stone fixed with the pin-type pendant, after the stone is fixed, the pin hole position is determined by the horizontal X and the vertical Y data, and then the hole is punched. Professional punching equipment should be used and the operators should be professionally trained and carried out in professional processing plants. The hole depth, verticality and punching speed should be strictly controlled to ensure the processing accuracy.
(2) The stone fixed by the plate type hanging piece is to determine the position of the groove on the end face of the stone, to groove, and to take care of the three directions of length, width and thickness at the same time, which can be processed in the stone processing factory, or Temporary production with hand-held grinders on site, technical difficulty is not great, processing is easier, but pay attention to safety.
(3) Stones fixed by the trough hangings shall be opened in the end face of the stone, which must be completed in the processing factory. The processing volume is large. After the troughing, the groove depth, position, verticality, parallelism, and groove side stone shall be inspected. If there is any splitting, etc., it can be used by qualified persons.
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