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Common issues in wall-finishing putty construction typically include cracks, blistering, peeling, and flaking of the putty layer. These problems are often caused by a combination of factors related to both material quality and application techniques.
One of the main causes is weak adhesion between the putty and the base surface. If the base layer isn't properly cleaned or prepared, residual substances like formwork release agents, oils, inorganic acids, or organic acids can interfere with bonding. This can lead to poor adhesion, causing the putty to crack, peel, or fall off. It's important to remove these contaminants thoroughly and apply an appropriate alkali solution if needed. Using the correct amount of emulsion also plays a key role in enhancing the bond strength between the putty and the base. Studies show that proper surface preparation can increase bonding strength by 5-9 kg/cm², while emulsions can improve it by an additional 4-7 kg/cm².
Another common issue is applying the putty too thickly. The thickness of the putty coating depends on the mix ratio and materials used. For example, when using white putty, more talcum powder might be added for easier application, which improves lubricity. However, if the amount of white powder is increased excessively, especially with coarser particles, the putty may become harder to handle and result in an overly thick coat. This can lead to cracking or uneven drying. To avoid this, it's essential to balance the proportions of white powder and talcum powder based on the desired consistency and performance.
Structural cracks in the building itself are not directly related to the quality of the putty or the construction method. However, other issues such as improper timing between layers can cause peeling. For instance, if the second layer of putty is applied before the first one has fully dried, it can create dry shrinkage, leading to peeling and detachment.
In summary, ensuring strong adhesion, proper mixing ratios, and correct application techniques are crucial for achieving a durable and high-quality wall-finishing putty finish. Always follow recommended guidelines and allow sufficient drying time between coats to prevent common defects.
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