US developed DNA graphene nanostructures

Abstract Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University have made a groundbreaking advancement by using DNA to build graphene nanostructures with unique electronic properties. This development represents a major milestone in the path toward mass-producing graphene-based electronic chips. The findings were recently published in *Nature* magazine.

By carefully designing the DNA sequences, scientists can guide the formation of specific DNA nanostructures that act as templates for creating precise nanoscale patterns on a single layer of graphene. This technique opens new possibilities for fabricating complex structures at the atomic level.

The DNA nanostructures are created using a method known as DNA origami, where single-stranded DNA is folded into predefined shapes. Each strand can connect to four other strands, forming stable, intricate patterns. Scientists have already demonstrated the ability to create over 100 different complex nano-patterns using this approach.

However, DNA itself is not ideal for long-term use due to its sensitivity to light, oxygen, and chemical reactions. To overcome this, researchers transferred the structural information from DNA to graphene. They first attached the DNA to the graphene surface, then coated it with silver and gold. Afterward, they used plasma etching to remove the exposed graphene, leaving behind the desired structure. Finally, the metallized DNA was dissolved away, leaving behind a precise graphene pattern.

The team successfully created various shapes, including rings and ribbons. While most of the original structure was preserved, some details were lost during the metallization process, making the technique less precise than electron beam lithography. Still, traditional methods like electron beam lithography are expensive, time-consuming, and hard to scale up.

One particularly interesting structure is the graphene ribbon, which is extremely narrow and restricts electron movement. Unlike regular graphene, which lacks a band gap, these ribbons do have a band gap, making them suitable for use in transistors. Graphene rings also show promise as quantum interference devices.

In the long run, this DNA-based approach could revolutionize the way graphene circuits are built. For years, scientists have struggled to place tiny carbon structures like nanowires or nanotubes onto graphene sheets. Now, using metallized DNA makes the process much more straightforward. Robert Harden, a professor at the University of California, praised the innovative concept, calling it a promising step forward in the development of graphene-based nanoelectronics.

As awareness of graphene’s potential grows, so does the need for scalable production methods. This new technique, while not as precise as electron beam lithography, offers a more practical route for large-scale manufacturing. The challenges that once seemed insurmountable are now beginning to fade. With continued progress, the future of graphene electronics—where silicon may be replaced by this remarkable material—looks increasingly promising.