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Steel Classification: 7 Major Categories
Steel is an iron-carbon alloy containing between 0.04% and 2.3% carbon. To maintain its toughness and ductility, the carbon content typically does not exceed 1.7%. In addition to iron and carbon, other key elements in steel include silicon, manganese, sulfur, and phosphorus. There are numerous ways to classify steel, and the primary methods are as follows:
1. Classification by Quality
(1) Carbon Steel
(2) High-quality Steel
(3) Special Quality Steel
2. Classification by Chemical Composition
(1) Carbon Steel: a. Low carbon steel; b. Medium carbon steel; c. High carbon steel
(2) Alloy Steel: a. Low alloy steel; b. Medium alloy steel; c. High alloy steel
3. Classification by Forming Method
(1) Forged Steel
(2) Cast Steel
(3) Hot Rolled Steel
(4) Cold Drawn Steel
4. Classification by Purpose
(1) Structural Steel for Construction and Engineering: a. Carbon structural steel; b. Low alloy structural steel
(2) Machine Building Steel: a. Quenched and tempered structural steel; b. Surface hardened structural steel (including carburized, nitrided, and surface-hardened steels); c. Free-machining structural steel; d. Cold-forming steel (such as cold stamping and cold heading steels)
(3) Spring Steel
(4) Bearing Steel
(5) Tool Steel: a. Carbon tool steel; b. Alloy tool steel; c. High-speed tool steel
(6) Special Performance Steel: a. Stainless and acid-resistant steel; b. Heat-resistant steel (including oxidation-resistant, high-temperature strength, and gas valve steels); c. Electrical and thermal alloys; d. Wear-resistant steel; e. Electrical steel
(7) Specialized Steels: such as bridge steel, ship steel, boiler steel, pressure vessel steel, and agricultural machinery steel
5. Comprehensive Classification
(1) Ordinary Steel
a. Carbon structural steel: Q195, Q215 (A, B), Q235 (A, B, C), Q255 (A, B), Q275
b. Low alloy structural steel
c. Structural steel for specific purposes
(2) High-quality Steel
a. Structural steel: high-quality carbon steel, alloy structural steel, spring steel, free-machining steel, bearing steel
b. Tool steel: carbon, alloy, and high-speed tool steels
c. Special performance steel: stainless, heat-resistant, electrical, and wear-resistant steels
6. Classification by Smelting Method
(1) By Furnace Type
a. Open Hearth Steel: acid and alkaline types
b. Converter Steel: acid and alkaline types; bottom-blown, side-blown, top-blown
c. Electric Furnace Steel: electric arc, electroslag, induction, vacuum consumable, and electron beam furnace steels
(2) By Degree of Deoxidation
Boiling steel, semi-killed steel, killed steel, and special killed steel
7. Classification by Shape
(1) Profiles: Heavy rails (over 30 kg/m), light rails (up to 30 kg/m), large sections (round, square, flat, hexagonal, I-beam, channel, angle, and rebar), small steel wires
(2) Sheets: Thin sheets (≤4 mm), medium plates (4–20 mm), thick plates (>20 mm), steel strips
(3) Pipes: Seamless and welded pipes
(4) Metal Products: Steel wire, wire rope, and steel strands
This classification system provides a comprehensive understanding of the different types of steel and their applications in various industries. Whether for construction, manufacturing, or specialized engineering projects, choosing the right type of steel is essential for achieving optimal performance and durability.
Source: http://news.chinawj.com.cn Editor: Hardware Business Network Information Center
Steel is an iron-carbon alloy containing between 0.04% and 2.3% carbon. To maintain its toughness and ductility, the carbon content typically does not exceed 1.7%. In addition to iron and carbon, other key elements in steel include silicon, manganese, sulfur, and phosphorus. There are numerous ways to classify steel, and the primary methods are as follows:
1. Classification by Quality
(1) Carbon Steel
(2) High-quality Steel
(3) Special Quality Steel
2. Classification by Chemical Composition
(1) Carbon Steel: a. Low carbon steel; b. Medium carbon steel; c. High carbon steel
(2) Alloy Steel: a. Low alloy steel; b. Medium alloy steel; c. High alloy steel
3. Classification by Forming Method
(1) Forged Steel
(2) Cast Steel
(3) Hot Rolled Steel
(4) Cold Drawn Steel
4. Classification by Purpose
(1) Structural Steel for Construction and Engineering: a. Carbon structural steel; b. Low alloy structural steel
(2) Machine Building Steel: a. Quenched and tempered structural steel; b. Surface hardened structural steel (including carburized, nitrided, and surface-hardened steels); c. Free-machining structural steel; d. Cold-forming steel (such as cold stamping and cold heading steels)
(3) Spring Steel
(4) Bearing Steel
(5) Tool Steel: a. Carbon tool steel; b. Alloy tool steel; c. High-speed tool steel
(6) Special Performance Steel: a. Stainless and acid-resistant steel; b. Heat-resistant steel (including oxidation-resistant, high-temperature strength, and gas valve steels); c. Electrical and thermal alloys; d. Wear-resistant steel; e. Electrical steel
(7) Specialized Steels: such as bridge steel, ship steel, boiler steel, pressure vessel steel, and agricultural machinery steel
5. Comprehensive Classification
(1) Ordinary Steel
a. Carbon structural steel: Q195, Q215 (A, B), Q235 (A, B, C), Q255 (A, B), Q275
b. Low alloy structural steel
c. Structural steel for specific purposes
(2) High-quality Steel
a. Structural steel: high-quality carbon steel, alloy structural steel, spring steel, free-machining steel, bearing steel
b. Tool steel: carbon, alloy, and high-speed tool steels
c. Special performance steel: stainless, heat-resistant, electrical, and wear-resistant steels
6. Classification by Smelting Method
(1) By Furnace Type
a. Open Hearth Steel: acid and alkaline types
b. Converter Steel: acid and alkaline types; bottom-blown, side-blown, top-blown
c. Electric Furnace Steel: electric arc, electroslag, induction, vacuum consumable, and electron beam furnace steels
(2) By Degree of Deoxidation
Boiling steel, semi-killed steel, killed steel, and special killed steel
7. Classification by Shape
(1) Profiles: Heavy rails (over 30 kg/m), light rails (up to 30 kg/m), large sections (round, square, flat, hexagonal, I-beam, channel, angle, and rebar), small steel wires
(2) Sheets: Thin sheets (≤4 mm), medium plates (4–20 mm), thick plates (>20 mm), steel strips
(3) Pipes: Seamless and welded pipes
(4) Metal Products: Steel wire, wire rope, and steel strands
This classification system provides a comprehensive understanding of the different types of steel and their applications in various industries. Whether for construction, manufacturing, or specialized engineering projects, choosing the right type of steel is essential for achieving optimal performance and durability.
Source: http://news.chinawj.com.cn Editor: Hardware Business Network Information Center
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