Daffodil cultivation techniques:
Cold treatment is essential for most daffodils, similar to many bulbous flowers. Unlike tulips, which grow taller in response to temperature, daffodils require a cold cycle to trigger rapid growth and blooming. The ideal temperature for this cold period is 9°C or below. However, bulbs subjected to a colder cycle at 5–2°C may produce shorter plants compared to those treated at 9°C. There are two main methods to promote daffodil growth: using plastic boxes or planting in bauxite within greenhouses. Each method typically requires one or more cold treatments to ensure proper development.
Flower development: Since flower buds have already formed before the bulb is dug up, the temperature after digging has limited impact on flowering. However, harvesting bulbs earlier and applying temperature treatments can help advance the bloom time to November. This is particularly useful for planning early sales.
To produce daffodils for Christmas or January, a short heat treatment can be applied before cold treatment. This helps speed up the flowering process, reduces greenhouse time, and ensures uniform crop growth. It's recommended to place bulbs at 17°C for two weeks before cold treatment or planting. This pre-treatment not only promotes faster blooming but also enhances plant development and improves overall flower quality.
Uses: Daffodils are commonly used as cut flowers or potted plants. Greenhouse-grown daffodils can be sold in pots or as cut flowers. Bauxite is primarily used in greenhouses for cultivating cut flowers, while soil is better suited for potted varieties.
Plastic box method: Daffodil bulbs can be planted in plastic boxes without pre-cooling, then placed in a rooting chamber or outdoor table to receive full cold treatment. These are called “uncooled narcissus.†Alternatively, bulbs can be partially cooled before planting, resulting in “9°C pre-cooled narcissus.†This method allows for better control over the flowering timeline.
Greenhouse bauxite method: Both pre-cooled and uncooled bulbs at 9°C are placed in bauxite within greenhouses, where they naturally complete most of their cold cycle. If the bulb has only received partial cooling, it should be stored in a freezer at 9°C for additional treatment.
By carefully managing temperature and growing conditions, growers can achieve consistent and high-quality daffodil production, whether for commercial sale or ornamental use. Proper timing and technique are key to maximizing yield and visual appeal.
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