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Biodiesel, known as "green" diesel, is a premium alternative to petrochemical diesel. Compared with ordinary diesel, it has excellent environmental performance, reduced sulfur emissions by 70%, and the market prospect has been widely optimistic. What puzzles the industry is that although the country's industrial policies, standards, and regulations on the development of biodiesel are relatively complete, such a government-driven, legally-identified industry has been piloted for many years and piloted in some regions. Still in the dilemma of mass production companies losing money or even stopping production. What are the hidden secrets of production companies and sales companies? To this end, China Chemical News reporter conducted a survey and interview.
Industry status: good policy, painting cakes and hunger enterprises face life and death
In the past few years, the Chinese government has not paid much attention to the development of biodiesel. According to the Medium and Long-term Development Plan for Renewable Energy formulated by the National Development and Reform Commission in 2007, by 2020, the proportion of renewable energy in China's energy structure will reach 16%, of which the production capacity of biodiesel will reach 2 million tons/year.
In 2015, the National Energy Administration issued the “Biodiesel Industry Development Policy†(hereinafter referred to as “Policyâ€), which regulated the major issues in the biodiesel industry and clearly defined the market position of biodiesel for the first time. The "Policy" not only provides clear instructions on industrial development goals and development plans, but also puts specific requirements on industrial layout, industry access and policy implementation and supervision, and even covers the management methods and principles for local relevant departments to promote industrial development in the region. The "Policy" re-emphasizes that "product oil enterprises should follow the planning layout, build biodiesel blending fuel distribution centers based on existing oil depots, and include all qualified products in the annual target of biodiesel production and promotion into the sales system"; The purchase price is the same as that of petrochemical diesel. The release of the "Policy" not only gave biodiesel a legal identity, but also escorted it, and the development was well-founded.
However, in the face of the real market, biodiesel companies are still struggling.
Hainan Province is one of the national pilots to promote biodiesel and the first province in China to close the sale of biodiesel. However, according to the reporter, at present, almost all gas stations in Hainan have stopped selling biodiesel. Similar to the situation in Hainan, it is difficult to find biodiesel at gas stations in cities such as Beijing, Kunming and Wuhan.
At present, the domestic biodiesel market has not seen any significant improvement. Zhongyu Information analyst Shi Zerui said that most manufacturers still rely on the conversion of plasticizer industry to maintain their livelihood.
According to Zhang Ping, chairman of the National Renewable Energy Industry Technology Innovation Strategy Alliance, at present, there are about 150 biodiesel producers in China with a total production capacity of more than 3.5 million tons/year and another capacity of 1.8 million tons/year under construction. There are 16 companies with a capacity of more than 100,000 tons/year, and the largest scale is 300,000 tons/year. China's biodiesel production is low, and the current capacity utilization rate is only 20% to 25%. There are very few enterprises in actual production, and most of them are in a state of production suspension, semi-stop production or even closure.
Zhang Ping said that the development of China's biodiesel industry is in its infancy, and industrial development faces a series of problems. The terminal channels for the sale of biodiesel in China are restricted by the wholesale enterprises of refined oil products, and the market promotion resistance is huge. In addition, China's biodiesel technical standards, product testing and certification systems are not perfect. In order to adapt to the complex raw materials, China's biodiesel technology has formed a process route with strong adaptability of raw materials. It has a practical industrial technology that uses waste oil and wild tree seeds as raw materials, conventional acid and alkali and modified acid and alkali, solid molecular sieve as catalyst, and a technical reserve system with lipase as catalyst and supercritical catalyst. However, the production equipment is relatively backward, and some biodiesel enterprises have no technical specifications for production design and operation, and there are potential safety hazards.
Production enterprises: market promotion and collision with petrochemical diesel
Although the development of the biodiesel industry is facing a variety of problems, in the eyes of the industry, the real "card neck" is the market promotion. Whether the biodiesel industry can really get rid of the predicament is the solution to the downstream sales problem.
In this regard, the industry's general statement is that biodiesel companies do not have oil distribution qualifications, and can only sell products to Sinopec, PetroChina and other enterprises. Although biodiesel has a price advantage, it has been left out. Without the huge formal vehicle oil market, enterprises can only build their own sales channels and sell them to customers such as fishing boats and transportation fleets. It is difficult to achieve economies of scale.
In order to survive in the regular car oil market, biodiesel companies have been "competing" with Sinopec and PetroChina in recent years, the most famous of which is Yunnan Yingding sued Sinopec Yunnan Company.
At the end of July 2014, Yunnan Yingding, a private enterprise with an annual production capacity of 15,000 tons of biodiesel, sued for the market monopoly of Sinopec Yunnan Branch on the grounds of refusing to sell biodiesel, which triggered widespread concern in the community. It is known as the "first case of oil anti-monopoly."
Yingding's biodiesel project is a biodiesel demonstration enterprise that has been approved by the Yunnan Provincial Energy Bureau and has passed the EIA and has the qualification to produce qualified biodiesel. The biodiesel produced has passed the inspection of the National Petroleum and Petrochemical Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, and the product quality has reached the national BD100 (GB/T 20828-2007) standard. According to the existing laws and policies, biodiesel producers cannot mix and sell on their own, and must sell all of them to refined oil sales enterprises. The refined oil sales enterprises will mix petrochemical diesel and biodiesel (BD100) into B5 diesel and sell them to consumption. By. As Sinopec is in a dominant position in the Yunnan refined oil market, if it wants to enter the circulation market, Yingding Company will sell its products to Sinopec Yunnan Company, but Sinopec Sales Co., Ltd. Yunnan Petroleum Branch refused to acquire.
In January 2014, Yingding Company took the Sinopec Company and Sinopec Sales Co., Ltd. Yunnan Petroleum Branch to the court. In December of the same year, the Kunming Intermediate People's Court made the first-instance judgment. The defendant Sinopec Sales Co., Ltd. Yunnan Petroleum Branch incorporated the biodiesel produced by the plaintiff Yunnan Yingding Bioenergy Co., Ltd. in accordance with national standards into its fuel within 30 days after the judgment came into effect. Sales system. For this judgment, Yunnan Yingding Company and Sinopec and Sinopec Sales Co., Ltd. Yunnan Petroleum Branch appealed. In August 2015, the Higher People's Court of Yunnan Province made a civil ruling. The basic facts of the first-instance judgment in this case were unclear. The violation of legal procedures may affect the correct judgment of the case. The ruling was abolished and sent back to the Kunming Intermediate People's Court for retrial. The case is still pending.
Lu Bing, chairman of Yingding Company, said that the Renewable Energy Law stipulates that oil sales enterprises should incorporate bio-liquid fuels that meet national standards into their sales systems, but Sinopec, which accounts for most of the sales of Yunnan refined oil products, has always refused to sell them. Standard biodiesel.
This phenomenon does not only occur in Yunnan. A person close to CNOOC told reporters that CNOOC had an annual production capacity of 60,000 tons in the Hainan factory, equivalent to about 5,000 tons of finished biodiesel per month. The refined oil market in Hainan is 600,000 tons/year, while the CNOOC Hainan plant sold only 1,000 tons in 2010. Up to now, it has basically not sold biodiesel in Hainan. Since the end of 2011, their original oil product order contracts with Sinopec, PetroChina and other oil sales companies have expired, and the other party has not renewed the contract.
In addition to the sales problem, the key to the profitability of biodiesel companies is the same price as petrodiesel. The Biodiesel Industry Development Policy calls for an increase in the purchase price of biodiesel, which is equivalent to the same price as petrochemical diesel.
A biodiesel company official told reporters that biodiesel and petrochemical diesel are always of the same price. According to the calculation method of PetroChina and Sinopec, when the price of diesel is high, biodiesel is lower than petrochemical diesel by 1,300 yuan per ton, and now the oil price is lower. , each ton is also four or five hundred yuan.
"Biodiesel companies do not need government subsidies. As long as they are of the same quality, the price is equal to that of petrochemical diesel, the processing volume is guaranteed, the company's profits are stable, and the company will enter a benign operation." The person in charge told the reporter.
A senior industry insider said that the state has policy support for biodiesel and has made provisions in production, sales and circulation. However, whether the policy can help biodiesel enterprises get out of the predicament has to solve two problems: First, who will take the lead Who will do it, and the second is that several major oil companies want to do this. He suggested that on the one hand, the biodiesel industry policy should be put in place; on the other hand, the government should be led, and the three major oil companies should cooperate to make the load rate of biodiesel production enterprises close to 90% or run at full capacity, so that enterprises can reduce costs and get out of the bottom. If the local government does not dominate, the sales company of the state-owned enterprise will not receive biodiesel.
Sales company: quality is not stable, ç ¸ brand commercial sales input-output ratio is low
Why did PetroChina and Sinopec sales companies refuse to accept biodiesel? Insiders of the two major groups said that they are mainly concerned about the quality of biodiesel.
An insider of PetroChina told reporters that they believe that biodiesel is compliant but not easy to use, and there is widespread instability. The raw material for producing biodiesel abroad is vegetable oil, and the raw materials and process technologies are stable, so the quality is stable. The raw materials for production in many domestic enterprises are waste oil, and the quality of raw materials and products are unstable. In the pilot process, there are sales points that biodiesel is prone to deterioration. The shelf life of diesel is at least 3 months, but the blend of unsatisfactory biodiesel may have been odorous in the southern region for one month.
It is understood that the current national quality standards for biodiesel include "diesel fuel blending biodiesel (BD100)" and "biodiesel blending fuel (B5)". BD100 is pure biodiesel; B5 is made up of biodiesel and ordinary diesel, of which biodiesel (component fatty acid methyl ester) only accounts for 2% to 5%.
Industry insiders admit that the products produced by biodiesel companies are in line with the above two national standards, but from the perspective of sales companies, the two national standards are proposed earlier, and the standard test is technical test performance indicators. But users often care about using performance indicators, the former can not completely cover the latter.
“Once the user has problems in use, the user complains about the terminal sales company and will not trace the biodiesel production company, so the sales link bears the huge commercial risk brought by the unstable quality. The consumer will not ask if the oil is Whoever produces it will only think that your brand sells inferior oil, so if you can't explain it, you generally don't do it." The above-mentioned person told reporters.
What worries the two major groups is that as the pace of upgrading of national refined oil products continues to accelerate, by the end of this year, the national refined oil products will meet the national five standards, and the quality of B5 diesel oil can meet the national five standards. . Therefore, the company hopes that the relevant departments can be more strict and refinement in the standard, to determine whether the blended biodiesel can meet the requirements of the upgrade of the national five diesel fuel, and improve the quality of biodiesel through the improvement of standard fitness.
However, the reporter also learned that some biodiesel companies have raised doubts about the unstable quality of biodiesel and said that the current domestic standards are based on European standards and even stricter than European standards. The quality of biodiesel produced by domestic mainstream technology can reach the standard. Therefore, regardless of the raw materials used by domestic biodiesel companies, as long as the finished product inspection reaches the standard, the terminal sales company should receive it. “If there is a problem with the quality of biodiesel, is the vehicle that is useful for biodiesel on the road? Is there a complaint? Is the standard exhaust gas discharged unqualified?†The head of the biodiesel company reluctantly said.
In addition to quality issues, the economics of selling biodiesel have also plagued the sales companies of the two major groups. A Sinopec insider told reporters that if biodiesel is sold, the company needs a lot of investment to renovate the storage facilities at the gas station, which involves a complex input-to-output ratio.
The reporter learned from the industry veterans that for the sales enterprise, it takes more energy and cost to increase the variety of biodiesel. Because one more variety, the company needs to store, transport and promote it separately. Taking storage as an example, storing B5 diesel and BD100 biodiesel requires two systems and cannot be mixed with other diesel. At present, the primary and secondary reservoirs of general gas stations are relatively full. Therefore, it is a separate system for storing biodiesel, or the original system is being reformed. The two major groups do not have a clear and unified statement. If there is neither an economic assessment indicator nor a social responsibility assessment indicator, the enterprise still needs to bear certain commercial risks.
In addition, state-owned sales companies still have concerns: "If you let high prices, but can not be sold at high prices, it is to allow several major groups to support individual enterprises, which is equivalent to transferring profits for individual enterprises, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the industry. If the national policy is in taxation In terms of support, it is impossible to conduct protective acquisitions in the market. The general practice in foreign countries is that the government gives tax incentives to production enterprises in the production process, and gives users preferential treatment in the market segment. I got a discount."
The picture shows the biodiesel production unit of Jiangsu Carter New Energy Co., Ltd. (Reporter Zhang Yushe)
Industry status: good policy, painting cakes and hunger enterprises face life and death
In the past few years, the Chinese government has not paid much attention to the development of biodiesel. According to the Medium and Long-term Development Plan for Renewable Energy formulated by the National Development and Reform Commission in 2007, by 2020, the proportion of renewable energy in China's energy structure will reach 16%, of which the production capacity of biodiesel will reach 2 million tons/year.
In 2015, the National Energy Administration issued the “Biodiesel Industry Development Policy†(hereinafter referred to as “Policyâ€), which regulated the major issues in the biodiesel industry and clearly defined the market position of biodiesel for the first time. The "Policy" not only provides clear instructions on industrial development goals and development plans, but also puts specific requirements on industrial layout, industry access and policy implementation and supervision, and even covers the management methods and principles for local relevant departments to promote industrial development in the region. The "Policy" re-emphasizes that "product oil enterprises should follow the planning layout, build biodiesel blending fuel distribution centers based on existing oil depots, and include all qualified products in the annual target of biodiesel production and promotion into the sales system"; The purchase price is the same as that of petrochemical diesel. The release of the "Policy" not only gave biodiesel a legal identity, but also escorted it, and the development was well-founded.
However, in the face of the real market, biodiesel companies are still struggling.
Hainan Province is one of the national pilots to promote biodiesel and the first province in China to close the sale of biodiesel. However, according to the reporter, at present, almost all gas stations in Hainan have stopped selling biodiesel. Similar to the situation in Hainan, it is difficult to find biodiesel at gas stations in cities such as Beijing, Kunming and Wuhan.
At present, the domestic biodiesel market has not seen any significant improvement. Zhongyu Information analyst Shi Zerui said that most manufacturers still rely on the conversion of plasticizer industry to maintain their livelihood.
According to Zhang Ping, chairman of the National Renewable Energy Industry Technology Innovation Strategy Alliance, at present, there are about 150 biodiesel producers in China with a total production capacity of more than 3.5 million tons/year and another capacity of 1.8 million tons/year under construction. There are 16 companies with a capacity of more than 100,000 tons/year, and the largest scale is 300,000 tons/year. China's biodiesel production is low, and the current capacity utilization rate is only 20% to 25%. There are very few enterprises in actual production, and most of them are in a state of production suspension, semi-stop production or even closure.
Zhang Ping said that the development of China's biodiesel industry is in its infancy, and industrial development faces a series of problems. The terminal channels for the sale of biodiesel in China are restricted by the wholesale enterprises of refined oil products, and the market promotion resistance is huge. In addition, China's biodiesel technical standards, product testing and certification systems are not perfect. In order to adapt to the complex raw materials, China's biodiesel technology has formed a process route with strong adaptability of raw materials. It has a practical industrial technology that uses waste oil and wild tree seeds as raw materials, conventional acid and alkali and modified acid and alkali, solid molecular sieve as catalyst, and a technical reserve system with lipase as catalyst and supercritical catalyst. However, the production equipment is relatively backward, and some biodiesel enterprises have no technical specifications for production design and operation, and there are potential safety hazards.
Production enterprises: market promotion and collision with petrochemical diesel
Although the development of the biodiesel industry is facing a variety of problems, in the eyes of the industry, the real "card neck" is the market promotion. Whether the biodiesel industry can really get rid of the predicament is the solution to the downstream sales problem.
In this regard, the industry's general statement is that biodiesel companies do not have oil distribution qualifications, and can only sell products to Sinopec, PetroChina and other enterprises. Although biodiesel has a price advantage, it has been left out. Without the huge formal vehicle oil market, enterprises can only build their own sales channels and sell them to customers such as fishing boats and transportation fleets. It is difficult to achieve economies of scale.
In order to survive in the regular car oil market, biodiesel companies have been "competing" with Sinopec and PetroChina in recent years, the most famous of which is Yunnan Yingding sued Sinopec Yunnan Company.
At the end of July 2014, Yunnan Yingding, a private enterprise with an annual production capacity of 15,000 tons of biodiesel, sued for the market monopoly of Sinopec Yunnan Branch on the grounds of refusing to sell biodiesel, which triggered widespread concern in the community. It is known as the "first case of oil anti-monopoly."
Yingding's biodiesel project is a biodiesel demonstration enterprise that has been approved by the Yunnan Provincial Energy Bureau and has passed the EIA and has the qualification to produce qualified biodiesel. The biodiesel produced has passed the inspection of the National Petroleum and Petrochemical Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, and the product quality has reached the national BD100 (GB/T 20828-2007) standard. According to the existing laws and policies, biodiesel producers cannot mix and sell on their own, and must sell all of them to refined oil sales enterprises. The refined oil sales enterprises will mix petrochemical diesel and biodiesel (BD100) into B5 diesel and sell them to consumption. By. As Sinopec is in a dominant position in the Yunnan refined oil market, if it wants to enter the circulation market, Yingding Company will sell its products to Sinopec Yunnan Company, but Sinopec Sales Co., Ltd. Yunnan Petroleum Branch refused to acquire.
In January 2014, Yingding Company took the Sinopec Company and Sinopec Sales Co., Ltd. Yunnan Petroleum Branch to the court. In December of the same year, the Kunming Intermediate People's Court made the first-instance judgment. The defendant Sinopec Sales Co., Ltd. Yunnan Petroleum Branch incorporated the biodiesel produced by the plaintiff Yunnan Yingding Bioenergy Co., Ltd. in accordance with national standards into its fuel within 30 days after the judgment came into effect. Sales system. For this judgment, Yunnan Yingding Company and Sinopec and Sinopec Sales Co., Ltd. Yunnan Petroleum Branch appealed. In August 2015, the Higher People's Court of Yunnan Province made a civil ruling. The basic facts of the first-instance judgment in this case were unclear. The violation of legal procedures may affect the correct judgment of the case. The ruling was abolished and sent back to the Kunming Intermediate People's Court for retrial. The case is still pending.
Lu Bing, chairman of Yingding Company, said that the Renewable Energy Law stipulates that oil sales enterprises should incorporate bio-liquid fuels that meet national standards into their sales systems, but Sinopec, which accounts for most of the sales of Yunnan refined oil products, has always refused to sell them. Standard biodiesel.
This phenomenon does not only occur in Yunnan. A person close to CNOOC told reporters that CNOOC had an annual production capacity of 60,000 tons in the Hainan factory, equivalent to about 5,000 tons of finished biodiesel per month. The refined oil market in Hainan is 600,000 tons/year, while the CNOOC Hainan plant sold only 1,000 tons in 2010. Up to now, it has basically not sold biodiesel in Hainan. Since the end of 2011, their original oil product order contracts with Sinopec, PetroChina and other oil sales companies have expired, and the other party has not renewed the contract.
In addition to the sales problem, the key to the profitability of biodiesel companies is the same price as petrodiesel. The Biodiesel Industry Development Policy calls for an increase in the purchase price of biodiesel, which is equivalent to the same price as petrochemical diesel.
A biodiesel company official told reporters that biodiesel and petrochemical diesel are always of the same price. According to the calculation method of PetroChina and Sinopec, when the price of diesel is high, biodiesel is lower than petrochemical diesel by 1,300 yuan per ton, and now the oil price is lower. , each ton is also four or five hundred yuan.
"Biodiesel companies do not need government subsidies. As long as they are of the same quality, the price is equal to that of petrochemical diesel, the processing volume is guaranteed, the company's profits are stable, and the company will enter a benign operation." The person in charge told the reporter.
A senior industry insider said that the state has policy support for biodiesel and has made provisions in production, sales and circulation. However, whether the policy can help biodiesel enterprises get out of the predicament has to solve two problems: First, who will take the lead Who will do it, and the second is that several major oil companies want to do this. He suggested that on the one hand, the biodiesel industry policy should be put in place; on the other hand, the government should be led, and the three major oil companies should cooperate to make the load rate of biodiesel production enterprises close to 90% or run at full capacity, so that enterprises can reduce costs and get out of the bottom. If the local government does not dominate, the sales company of the state-owned enterprise will not receive biodiesel.
Sales company: quality is not stable, ç ¸ brand commercial sales input-output ratio is low
Why did PetroChina and Sinopec sales companies refuse to accept biodiesel? Insiders of the two major groups said that they are mainly concerned about the quality of biodiesel.
An insider of PetroChina told reporters that they believe that biodiesel is compliant but not easy to use, and there is widespread instability. The raw material for producing biodiesel abroad is vegetable oil, and the raw materials and process technologies are stable, so the quality is stable. The raw materials for production in many domestic enterprises are waste oil, and the quality of raw materials and products are unstable. In the pilot process, there are sales points that biodiesel is prone to deterioration. The shelf life of diesel is at least 3 months, but the blend of unsatisfactory biodiesel may have been odorous in the southern region for one month.
It is understood that the current national quality standards for biodiesel include "diesel fuel blending biodiesel (BD100)" and "biodiesel blending fuel (B5)". BD100 is pure biodiesel; B5 is made up of biodiesel and ordinary diesel, of which biodiesel (component fatty acid methyl ester) only accounts for 2% to 5%.
Industry insiders admit that the products produced by biodiesel companies are in line with the above two national standards, but from the perspective of sales companies, the two national standards are proposed earlier, and the standard test is technical test performance indicators. But users often care about using performance indicators, the former can not completely cover the latter.
“Once the user has problems in use, the user complains about the terminal sales company and will not trace the biodiesel production company, so the sales link bears the huge commercial risk brought by the unstable quality. The consumer will not ask if the oil is Whoever produces it will only think that your brand sells inferior oil, so if you can't explain it, you generally don't do it." The above-mentioned person told reporters.
What worries the two major groups is that as the pace of upgrading of national refined oil products continues to accelerate, by the end of this year, the national refined oil products will meet the national five standards, and the quality of B5 diesel oil can meet the national five standards. . Therefore, the company hopes that the relevant departments can be more strict and refinement in the standard, to determine whether the blended biodiesel can meet the requirements of the upgrade of the national five diesel fuel, and improve the quality of biodiesel through the improvement of standard fitness.
However, the reporter also learned that some biodiesel companies have raised doubts about the unstable quality of biodiesel and said that the current domestic standards are based on European standards and even stricter than European standards. The quality of biodiesel produced by domestic mainstream technology can reach the standard. Therefore, regardless of the raw materials used by domestic biodiesel companies, as long as the finished product inspection reaches the standard, the terminal sales company should receive it. “If there is a problem with the quality of biodiesel, is the vehicle that is useful for biodiesel on the road? Is there a complaint? Is the standard exhaust gas discharged unqualified?†The head of the biodiesel company reluctantly said.
In addition to quality issues, the economics of selling biodiesel have also plagued the sales companies of the two major groups. A Sinopec insider told reporters that if biodiesel is sold, the company needs a lot of investment to renovate the storage facilities at the gas station, which involves a complex input-to-output ratio.
The reporter learned from the industry veterans that for the sales enterprise, it takes more energy and cost to increase the variety of biodiesel. Because one more variety, the company needs to store, transport and promote it separately. Taking storage as an example, storing B5 diesel and BD100 biodiesel requires two systems and cannot be mixed with other diesel. At present, the primary and secondary reservoirs of general gas stations are relatively full. Therefore, it is a separate system for storing biodiesel, or the original system is being reformed. The two major groups do not have a clear and unified statement. If there is neither an economic assessment indicator nor a social responsibility assessment indicator, the enterprise still needs to bear certain commercial risks.
In addition, state-owned sales companies still have concerns: "If you let high prices, but can not be sold at high prices, it is to allow several major groups to support individual enterprises, which is equivalent to transferring profits for individual enterprises, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the industry. If the national policy is in taxation In terms of support, it is impossible to conduct protective acquisitions in the market. The general practice in foreign countries is that the government gives tax incentives to production enterprises in the production process, and gives users preferential treatment in the market segment. I got a discount."
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