Personal Protection of Chemical Accident Emergency Rescue

The emergency rescue of chemical accidents is a difficult and dangerous system project, and the personal protection of rescue workers during accident handling is the basis of this system project. Whether in the early detection of chemical accidents, the rescue of the process, or the monitoring of the later period, personal protection for rescue workers should be provided. It can be said that the personal protection of chemical accident rescue is the last barrier of safe production and the last lifeline of rescue workers. It is directly related to the life safety of rescue workers and relates to the success or failure of accident rescue. Therefore, in the rescue of chemical accidents, we must scientifically analyze and continuously summarize, and then improve and improve the personal protection of the rescue process.

I. Status of personal protection for chemical rescue

With the development of economy and improvement of science and technology and the continuous development of chemical rescue work, the awareness and investment of rescue and protection of units and individuals have been greatly strengthened, and the chemical protection equipment and protection capabilities of rescue teams have become much stronger than before. Greatly improved. However, on the whole, there are still weak links in chemical rescue work.

(a) Subjective: The ideological understanding is not in place. The lack of full understanding of the dangers of chemical accidents, relatively weak awareness of safety protection, there is no sound rescue operation regulations, personal protection in the rescue process can not meet the protection requirements. For example, in April 2007, a small amount of bromine was leaked from a service area of ​​the Shanghai-Hangzhou Expressway. Rescue workers carried out decontamination operations without any protection, resulting in seven people poisoning. Lack of necessary training and drills. Most of the rescue teams are non-professionals, lacking corresponding theoretical training and practical drills and ignoring personal protection or protection. Rescue equipment lacks scientific configuration and management. The disposition of rescue equipment is unbalanced, and the purchased protective equipment lacks necessary maintenance and reduces the protection level of equipment.

(II) Objective: It is difficult to judge on-site situation. The analysis of chemical accident rescue scenes, the determination of chemical substances and the formulation of rescue plans are very important, but many times it is not enough. The first is the chemical reaction of chemical substances at high temperatures and after burning, which makes it difficult to determine the protection of on-site rescue workers. Second, the transport personnel die or escape in the event of a dangerous goods road, or they provide false bills, etc., and they cannot obtain correct results. The chemical information not only caused difficulties for rescue work, but also made personal protection less targeted and effective. Poor protection information between units. The lack of rescue summary work has hindered the improvement of the overall protection capabilities of rescue operations.

Second, the construction of personal protection system

(I) Improve safety awareness and improve rescue and protection systems. The first is to raise awareness of the dangers of rescue and the necessity of protection, establish professional chemical accident rescue teams, and increase investment in the purchase of protective equipment funds. The second is to raise awareness of safety in the rescue of chemical accidents.

(b) Increase theoretical training and carry out protective training drills. Rescue and protection of chemical accidents is a very skillful job. It is not only necessary to accurately judge the accident site, but also to fully understand and master the performance of protective equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out theoretical training of protective equipment and targeted protective training. First of all, to learn the physicochemical properties of different chemicals, but also to master the protective performance of different equipment, through learning to improve the theoretical basis, to be good at analyzing the hazards that the accident may cause and the protective measures that should be taken. Followed by strengthening protection skills training, organizing rescue personnel to conduct large-scale training and practical exercises for use of rescue equipment. Through comprehensive consideration of the types of dangerous goods, concentrations, and environmental temperature, the drills will be skillful in selecting protective measures to control the respiratory tract and the skin. The types and selection basis of protective equipment and methods, learn to operate portable personal detection equipment, improve personal protection skills.

(3) Optimize equipment preparation and improve daily management level. Apply modern information management technology to strengthen the communication between units and units, realize information exchange, and share resources of rescue and protection equipment, and realize optimal configuration of protective equipment to the utmost extent. The management of protective equipment is also an indispensable part. Units equipped with personal protective equipment should establish corresponding management mechanisms to regulate all aspects, including selection, purchase, personnel screening, staffing, training, maintenance, decontamination, and disposal. When necessary, health inspections should be provided to staff who need to enter the rescue scene. On the one hand, their ability to use protective equipment must be determined. On the other hand, it is convenient for timely detection of their health status, which facilitates the early detection of problems and early treatment.

(D) develop protective procedures to improve the degree of rescue standards. The first is to formulate scientific personal safety protection procedures according to the performance and characteristics of different protective equipment, and specify protection conditions, operating procedures and related requirements. In particular, the need to use air respirator, chemical protective clothing and other high-level accident scene, should be more standardized, scientific and strict requirements to ensure the timely and effective implementation of protection. The second is to further improve and strengthen the level protection system according to the different chemical disasters environment, that is, according to the different degree of danger, the corresponding level (to meet the requirements) protective measures (see the following table) should be taken to avoid being too low or too high. Protection causes harm or inconvenience to the action.

(5) After the protection level is determined, it does not remain constant. During the initial monitoring period, high-level protective measures may be used, such as the use of barrier-type protective clothing, isolated air-ventilators, etc.; when the toxic chemicals leaked have been identified as having little or no toxicity, but the concentration has decreased. , can be reduced to a lower level of protection. However, when the situation is not clear, rescue workers who carry out investigations and plugging operations into dangerous areas should adhere to a higher level of protection. The third is the identification of hazards and personal protection response. At present, there are many cases where chemical accidents are rescued by public security, fire protection, civil defense, medical personnel and other personnel. Ordinary clothing, including public security uniforms and doctor uniforms, has little effect on protection against poison intrusion. Rescuers of chemical accidents should take correct personal protective measures. There are many types of personal protective equipment. Misuse of personal protective equipment cannot achieve the purpose of protection. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and correctly select and wear protective equipment. In general, the following factors should be considered when selecting protective equipment:

1. The nature and quantity of toxic chemicals (especially the toxicity, corrosiveness, volatility, etc.) should be leaked in the emergency response to an accident;

2. Chemical protective materials (antivirus, anti-corrosion, etc.) that can be used;

3, the use of chemical protective clothing environment and effective protection time;

4, whether chemical protective clothing can be repeated;

5, the type of respirator used (filter or isolated);

6. The requirements of the full set of protective equipment on the physical condition of rescue personnel;

7. Is it necessary to cool and cool the insulating chemical protective clothing during use?

Personal protective countermeasures should also be practiced regularly during an accident drill. The wearing of personal protective equipment should be strictly checked to ensure the reliability of the safety barrier.

Third, investigate the effectiveness of protection, timely summary of protection in order to accumulate experience.

Every time the on-site rescue ends, it is necessary to carry out timely investigation and protection summary of the rescue work: 1 On-site conditions, including weather, chemical species, concentration, etc.; 2 List of personnel protection equipment; 3 Rescue implementation, rescue time, single time, Whether there is any other protection and rescue personnel injury situation; 3 the protection of personnel protection equipment and equipment; 3 the status of protective equipment after rescue. Therefore, the accident investigation work must be intensive and comprehensive and accurate. The situation of each investigation should be assembled in a timely manner. In particular, when the use of protective equipment is required to cause poisoning and burns to personnel, more detailed investigations should be conducted to sum up experience and learn lessons so as to truly “eat it.” "Chang Yizhi"; At the same time increase the unit and the unit, the unit and the factory's communication and contact, to discuss the protection of the problems and experience, improve the ability of chemical rescue.

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