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First, the fertilizer characteristics of cotton
Peanut cotton long length, a large amount of fertilizer needed, there is a high demand for fertility condition, general production per 50 kg seed to be absorbed nitrogen 2.8 kg, 1.1 kg phosphorus, potassium, 2.7 kg NPK ratio is about 3:1: 3. The absorption of nitrogen by cotton is significantly greater than that of food crops, and the yield increase effect of nitrogen fertilizer is also very obvious. However, excessive application or improper application of nitrogen fertilizer will result in reduced yield and is also susceptible to pests and diseases. The effect of phosphate fertilizer is very stable, and the application of phosphate fertilizer has greatly increased cotton production. The combination of phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer can achieve stable yield increase. Potassium fertilizer can make the stalk tough and lodging resistant, and can enhance the ability of cotton to resist drought, cold and disease. Due to the continuous cropping and cotton yield increase, potassium in the soil alone is difficult to achieve high yield. Therefore, it is necessary to apply potassium fertilizer in low-potassium soil or high-yield cotton field. Otherwise, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are not coordinated, reducing fertilizer efficiency and easily reducing production.
Second, the principle of cotton fertilization
Apply enough base fertilizer, apply early, lightly apply seedling fertilizer, stabilize the application of bud fertilizer, reapply flowering bell fertilizer, and apply top cover fertilizer. Fertilization is carried out according to the methods of “adapting nitrogen, stabilizing nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus, increasing potassium, and matching microâ€. Emphasize the "three look" (see the sky, see the ground, see the seedlings) fertilization, the center is to see the growth of cotton.
Third, cotton fertilization technology
1. Apply enough base fertilizer. Generally, before the sowing of cotton fields, 2 to 3 tons of decomposed farmyard manure should be applied per mu, and the land should be ploughed into the soil (about 20 cm) to level the land. When planting, a small amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer can be used as seed fertilizer to ensure that the cotton can absorb nutrients in time after emergence, and play a strong seedling role.
2, early application of seedlings fertilizer. If the ground force is thin, the bottom fertilizer is insufficient, and the cotton seedlings are thin, the seedling fertilizer should be applied early. Miao fertilizer is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, and can also be mixed with phosphate fertilizer and decomposed organic fertilizer. However, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should not be too much. Generally, 5 kg of urea is applied per mu. For fertile ground, adequate bottom fertilizer, and strong cotton seedlings, less or no application. When topdressing, according to the growth of cotton seedlings, master the application of small seedlings, small seedlings or less, to promote the growth of small seedlings, to achieve uniform growth. The top dressing can be about 10 cm away from the seedlings, and the deep application is 6-10 cm. If the drought is poor, it can be combined with watering so that the fertilizer can be used in time.
3, steady application of smart fertilizer. The cotton field has higher fertility, the base fertilizer and seedling fertilizer are sufficient, and the cotton plant grows vigorously. It is necessary to apply less or no nitrogen fertilizer , and increase the application of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to prevent the growth. The cotton field is thin, the bottom fertilizer and fertilizer are insufficient, and the cotton plant grows weak. In order to strive for stable and long-lasting peach, the bud period can be applied to a 40 kg 9:8:8 ratio of nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium compound fertilizer. The topdressing should be about 15 cm away from the cotton plant, and the deep application of 10 cm is appropriate.
4, re-apply flower bell fertilizer. Flower bell fertilizer is the most critical top dressing. Pay attention to the time, quantity and fertilization method of fertilization. If the soil fertility is high and the cotton grows prosperous, it can be topdressed when entering the flowering stage. Cotton fields with less land and less fat and weak cotton tend to be pursued early, and they will be chased after seeing flowers. The amount of flower bell fertilizer is generally about 10 kg of urea. If the growth is weak, it can be applied more appropriately, and the density is small (about 3,000 per acre). Fertilization should leave the cotton plant about 15 cm, and the depth is about 10 cm underground, in order to facilitate the absorption of roots. In addition, spraying 0.2% boric acid or 0.15% boric acid solution 100 kg in the full bloom period, even spraying 2-3 times, is conducive to multi-mass peach.
5, the application of top cover fertilizer. According to the growth of cotton, supplement the autumn shoot fertilizer. If the ground force is sufficient and the cotton grows prosperously, it may not be applied or applied less; if the soil strength is poor, the cotton may have premature aging, and the urea may be applied for 3 to 5 kg. A small number of early seedlings and more vomiting knots may be more appropriate. At around the end of July, the use of too late or too large, cotton is easy to be green.
6. Spray foliar fertilizer. The time of foliar spray application should generally be from mid-August to late September. Fertilizers that can be sprayed are urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the like. Cotton plants with strong cotton growth can spray 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution; cotton plants with weak growth are mainly sprayed with nitrogen fertilizer, with 1%-2% urea solution, it can also be mixed with nitrogen and phosphorus. Shi. The time is better when spraying in the evening or on cloudy days. Even spraying 3 to 4 times, each interval is 7-10 days. If it rains after spraying, it should be refilled.
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