Application of nano-polymer materials in medical carrier

The product is basically non-toxic to the human body, such as natural rags. The living organisms are dissolved in the interior of the nanoparticles, or they are located on the surface of the particles through adsorption and adhesion. The method for preparing a nano controlled release system requires the emulsion polymerization and the surface polymerization technology of each nanoparticle to meet the polymerization reaction with different monomers, and the nanoparticle manufacturing method using the high resolution iridium polymer using the phacoemulsification solvent volatilization method. The release mechanism of the drug in the controlled release system can be that the drug penetrates and diffuses out through the wall of the leaching; it can also be the dissolution of the matrix itself to release the drug therein. The choice of unconformity is mainly based on the therapeutic use of the system. The nature of the drug to be released and the compatibility of the drug and other factors can be selected according to the hydrophilicity and lipophilicity of the drug, and the best preparation method and the best polymer material can be selected to achieve Good encapsulation effect, encapsulation rate Nanoparticles have an ultra-micro volume. Can pass through the interstitial space and be absorbed by cells. Can meet the human body, small fine blood vessels, but also through the blood-brain barrier. These peculiar properties make it have many advantages in terms of drug and gene delivery. 1 It can prolong the release of drugs, thereby prolonging the time of drug action, and the purpose of targeted delivery of rivers. 3 It can reduce the dose of drugs under the premise of ensuring the action of drugs. Dosage, so as to reduce or avoid toxicity; 4 can improve the stability of the drug, is conducive to storage; 5 can protect the nucleotides to prevent its degradation by nucleases 6 can help nuclear transfection of cells, and play a role in positioning Call 7 can establish some new routes of administration, which are unmatched by other delivery systems. Therefore, nano-spin release systems often have a promising controlled release system. Its research will be more and more in-depth.

Uses will become more and more widespread. 1451 Liu Haifeng male, 25 years old, Ph.D. student, is currently engaged in the research and development of medical nano controlled release carriers. Contact person Tianjin Science Foundation project 96360781 Drug carrier Nano drug carrier controlled release system composed of carrier material and loaded drug To meet the following criteria 1 Must be kept or gathered in the position of the finger 2 The position must be specified at the appropriate speed The drug is used for drug delivery; 3 the stability and convenience of the drug must be accepted by Pharmaceutica; 4 if it is used outside the gut must be sterile; 5 the carrier material of the drug delivery system must be non-toxic and degradable.

1.1 The development of nano-controlled release systems for cancer treatment is used as an anti-tumor drug delivery system to enhance cell activity and weakening of the vasculature within the tumor leads to the accumulation of intra-venous nanoparticles. Some studies have reported the release of nanoparticles. The anti-tumor drugs prolong the survival time of the drug in the tumor, slow the growth of the tumor, and prolong the survival time of the tumor-bearing animal compared to the free drug. Due to the strong phagocytic energy of tumor cells, the permeability of the blood vessels of the nine tumor tissues is also greater, so the intravenous administration of nanoparticles, which are transported within the midmoon tumors, can increase the curative effect and reduce the dose and toxic reaction to the in vivo and in vitro. Experiments have proved that (8) the remaining lipophilic free-adjusting agent muramyl peptide is used as a wall acyl peptide cholesterol, legs, out 1 such as.

1.3 Prolonging Effect on Pharmacodynamics The medical use of nanoparticles requires that their effect on target organs be as long as possible. The use of nanoparticles includes extending the time of action of the drug carrier as a developer or targeted delivery of organs other than the liver and spleen. The modified nanoparticle, modified with a different block copolymer and polyalcohol, was modified to accommodate the unmodified nanoparticle 1 ratio of the drug. The working time of the system is extended several times. 122 Another method of modification is to formulate nanoparticles from macromolecule-derived polymers. When nanoparticles are formed, hydrophilic molecules such as polyethyl alcohol, etc. in the nano-pillar core are hydrophobic polymer chains. It has recently been confirmed that the nanoparticles prepared by the above method are injected into 51! Only 30 of them were adsorbed by the liver, and the unmodified nanoparticles were injected with 5 and 66 adsorbed. 123 In recent years, there have been reports of encapsulation of anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug nanoparticles, the main advantage of which is to improve the drug's kinetic properties, and to direct the drug delivery to the reticuloendothelial system, thereby strengthening the efficacy of the drug. For example, mice injected intravenously with polylactic acid nanoparticles loaded with a protease inhibitor, 57813, had a 2-fold increase compared to the control group, and increased from 12 to 3 to 6 points. 7 increase to 3.6 phantom 1 and other 25 prepared nifedipine-loaded polycaprolactone polylactide polyglycolic acid copolymer Office, and other kinds of nanoparticles, particle diameter in the range of 0.120.2, and nifedipine control solution In contrast, nanoparticle formulations of drugs in spontaneously hypertensive rats were administered orally. As a result, nifedipine nanoparticles reduced their early blood pressure reduction and prolonged the duration of antihypertensive treatment. Therefore, the nifedipine nanoparticles can be used for sustained release, long-term improvement of bioavailability and smooth blood pressure reduction.

1.4 Assist Effect on Vaccines The adjuvant effect of encapsulated or face-bound vaccine nanoparticles has been demonstrated in studies of subcutaneous and oral administration. The nanoparticle assists in the sustained release of the encapsulated antigen or enhances the absorption and immune response of the body's immune system to the antigen bound by the nanoparticle. 31;51 et al.12 found that polymethyl methacrylate nanoparticles played an auxiliary role in the HIV vaccine in rats and that antibody titer was 10,100 times higher than that of aluminum hydroxide or water dissolution. Orally administered nanoparticles associated with antigens are prevented from being broken down by gastric enzymes and stomach acids and then absorbed by intestinal lymphoid tissues. Studies have shown that in the rat model of localized bowel flexion, nanoparticles made from lactic acid acetic acid aggregates are approximately 1 in size. Repair it. The absorption of weaving is better than that of large particles 15 .

The sand-surface modified nanoparticles can fully expose the surface of the protein antigen while stabilizing the antigen structure and induce a strong specific immune response in rabbits. The conventional adjuvant can only barely 4 immune responses. Because the nano controlled release system can protect the antigen and can promote the uptake of the 6 knot, it should be quite effective for the oral immune preparation, and the particle size and the polymer material used will pick up the color ring. Immune effects.

15 oral medication 1 coffee, etc. 2 border blood polymerization, preparation of insulin-containing poly-3-hexenoic acid nanocapsules. The fasted rats were given a single intragastric administration, and after 21 onset, the blood glucose level was reduced by 5060. In 50 units of insulin per kilogram of body weight, the administration was performed with nanocapsules, and the hypoglycemic effect could be maintained. The truth is that if one is free, the island cannot reduce blood sugar levels. The encapsulation of nanocapsules can avoid the action of insulin by proteases, and since nanocapsules are researched by receptors transferred from the intercellular mimics to the intestinal wall, they have been researched and found for nanocapsules of lactic acid glycolic acid copolymers. The study of the effect of the chemical effect on the site of lymphatic passages and the rapid absorption of large amounts of nicotinamide through the attachment of the lymphatic system to the lymphatic system proves that the absorption of nanoparticulates in the gastrointestinal tract of rats has a particle size dependence, 50 and 10, 1 The effect of particle size was 4 and 26 absorbed after the gavage. So far, many drugs have been made into nanoparticles, and their oral bioavailability and efficiency have been studied. About 82 mg of drug is packaged per gram of nanoparticles. Studies 3 et al. showed that the nanoparticle-encapsulated vincamine was 62% more orally bioavailable than the drug. Compared with intravenous injection, the oral bioavailability of nanoparticles is 36, and the bioavailability of dissolved drugs is 22. The increase in bioavailability is mainly due to the fact that nanoparticles avoid the effects of stomach acid and proteases on the encapsulated drug; Moreover, nanoparticles can facilitate the delivery of those drugs that have poorly encapsulated oral absorption properties in the intestine. This is why. The drug produced by nanoparticles can be used as a sustained drug carrier. And to increase bioavailability. The results show that the package of drugs can significantly enhance the oral absorption of drugs and improve the efficacy. The oral route may be very useful if targeted delivery of inflammatory sites in the body is required.

1.6 The ophthalmic drug-loaded colloidal suspension of nanoparticles can increase the absorption of the drug through the cornea, increase or decrease the side effects. Nanoparticles or nanocapsules loaded with polycaprolactone containing 0,1 significantly reduced intraocular pressure compared to commercially available 0,1 drops of ophthalmic solutions, while cardiovascular side effects were significantly reduced. Nanocapsules containing isobutyl polycyanoacrylate in Medium 1 resulted in a significant reduction in systemic side effects. 2, etc. 31 Polyurethane poly(isobutyl acrylate) nanoparticles loaded with pilocarpine were prepared by an emulsion polymerization method. It was demonstrated in an animal model of increased intraocular pressure in rabbits that drug-loaded nanoparticle suspensions were compared with aqueous drug solutions. After the eye drops, it is non-irritating to the eye, and can make the drug in the aqueous humor, plus, eliminate half-life extension, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics; at low drug content, drug-loaded nanoparticles can significantly prolong the drug Effect time. Oyama, et al. Also proved that in nanoparticles containing cyclohexosporin-6 and indomethacin, nanoparticles can be encountered in nano-scale gels, plus allowable absorption.

2 Gene carrier gene delivery is an irresistible challenge for researchers in drug delivery for research. Successful gene delivery systems rely on the choice of actual methods to rely more on the proportion of cells that are now required to be transfected. These various methods that can be used for cancer treatment clearly demonstrate that immunotherapy is attractive because they do not rely on the transfection of tumor cells, but rely on the separation method of glycoproteins and the growth inhibition method determined by tumor support factors. Both require the transfection of dividing cells. The current stage of the virus-free system is unlikely to reach this level, which depends on the development of research on virus-like particles. For example, the proportion of cells that need to be transfected to achieve a clinical effect is cystic fibrosis, 蛑瘟 frequency tombs, 蛩兀, 瘟 锏, 锏 锏 氖 氖 苌 苌, 苌 ぷ橹 ぷ橹, 心倚韵宋, Staff members, who send adjustment factors, were surprised to find that the need for damaged areas in extracting the gene products was difficult to achieve under current technological conditions. Furthermore, in vivo experiments with virus-free gene delivery have demonstrated the difficulty of transfecting differentiated, virus-free cells.

The more precise and more complex research on the combined control of gene delivery systems is promising, which provides a great opportunity for scholars who study drug delivery.1 There are many advantages to delivering nucleotides using nanocontrolled delivery systems. Can protect nucleotides, prevent degradation; Contribute to the transfection of nucleotides and can play a role to be able to transfer to the nuclear nucleus, etc. Factors affecting the adsorption of polyalkyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles It is proved that the oligonucleotides bound to the nanoparticles have an effect against nucleases both in the buffer and in the cell culture medium, preventing the degradation of the nucleotides and the phagocytosis of the nanoparticles by the cells. Increases the amount of oligonucleotides that enter the cell while increasing its intracellular stability.

Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis is a promising treatment. Both the adenoviral vector and the liposome-identified complex have been fathomed, erotic cells, what day, and what, before, she was in gelatin and! Based on the formation of nanoparticles by human coagulation, a new gene delivery system for the treatment of cystic fibrosis has been designed.

The system has the following characteristics: 1 Cell ligand binding to nanoparticles stimulates receptor-mediated action in the cell; 2 can bind to cell-lysing enzyme components, thereby avoiding the effects of endosomes and lysosomes; 3 The matrix protection avoids degradation by serum nuclease and improves the bioavailability of Teng.4 Because the nanoparticles can be freeze-dried and stored without loss of biological activity, the experiment can be cut to enhance the activity of the animal. Hungry points such as protein heavy-cell plasmids or drugs can be waved again, and then packaged and transported with a single carrier, the persimmon = 岷 ┪锏 ┪锏 芰 沟 沟 倚 倚 倚 倚 倚 倚 , , 牖The combination of treatments becomes possible.

The 1 and gelatin nanoparticle agglomerates that were made into the base flash carriers contained chlorine pull and hydrazine and the gelatin 4 cell ligand transfer iron 1 covalently bound. In the study of et al. 3, the conditions of aggregation that led to the formation of this unique nanoparticle were limited. Nanoparticles are formed in a small range of oxime concentrations and bind in excess of 98 cis in the reaction. Cross-linking with gelatin to stabilize the particles did not affect the electroporation of the torn electropores, 0 being avoided in the nanoparticles, but could also be completely degraded by high concentrations of DNase. Nanoparticle-enveloped and tender cells perform optimal transfection of cells only in the presence of calcium and encapsulated transferrin nanoparticles. Use coding. The 叮8 simulation system can demonstrate the biological integrity of nanoparticle helium by artificially cultivating human air symbols with nanoparticles containing this matrix. The skin cells are transfected. As a result, cells with more than 501 had 0 light only, and the transfection efficiency was related to the nature of 0 positive and wide nanoparticle appearance 7. In addition, human bronchial epithelial cells, which are deficient in cholinergic transport, are contained in the condyle, 0, 131, etc., and cholesterol is bound to the oligodeoxyribonucleic acid of the decamer to form a complex. The complex passes through the gallbladder 1; Zhan 1 and attached to poly; decenoic acid, and the ester nanoparticles are then transfected into human bladder cancer cells 74. The conjugates can form spirals by complementation of the proto-oncogene flashes. In order to play an anti-sense effect. Inhibition of human bladder, cancer cells 4 in the medium, raw. Nano-controlled release systems also protect oligonucleotides in vivo. Preventing degradation stops 3, such as delivering 3316 specifically to the liver, thereby reducing its distribution in the kidneys and bone marrow. Intravenous injection of 51 nm particles partially protected 6, preventing it from reducing blood stasis in plasma and liver and the free Qiu 16 had been completely degraded at this time.

3 Other uses of nanoparticles Nanoparticles, in addition to their use as drugs and gene carriers, are increasingly used in other applications. Nanoparticle-encapsulated contrast agents or 7 radioactive materials such as radioactive iodide indium have been used as imaging agents in the localization of tumors and other parts of the body. The use of biodegradable natural polymer proteoglycans and low-boiling liquids or insoluble gases using advanced sonic cross-linked microsphere technology. Can be prepared for new, non-invasive type of stabilizing and stabilizing components in the body. Strong myocardial development results 14 good myocardial contrast material The contrast material has the following characteristics: 1 non-invasive intravenous infusion 2 strong in vivo stability, so that the left heart and heart All satisfied with the development; 3 good uniformity of diameter, high concentration, strong storage stability; 4 has similar hemodynamic characteristics of red blood cells in the human body; 5 no biological activity, non-toxic side effects on the human body. Intravenous myocardial contrast agents have a wide range of uses to estimate the risk of myocardial plaque and infarct size after coronary artery occlusion. 4 To determine the ischemic myocardium and the viable myocardium by using the echocardiography apparatus. It is also possible to identify the anatomical structures. The research group of the Pediatric Cardiovascular System at the University of Michigan has long devoted itself to the study of nanocontrolled release systems, and has creatively proposed the combination of nanocontrolled release systems and catheter intervention techniques for the local application of cardiovascular drugs. To prevent restenosis after reshaping. Their experiments proved the feasibility of this idea. In the dog's carotid artery in vitro fishing model, I have anti-angiogenic collagen gene 01-nanoparticles that can be absorbed by arterial tissue. The degree of absorption is negative with the nanoparticle diameter and drug loading. Related. They also used fluorescence-labeled Vanadium nanoparticles and nanoparticles containing dexamethasone to form the inner membrane of rat angiogenesis. In porcine coronary artery restenosis model, contained. Nanoparticles of 86893 can successfully inhibit the formation of restenosis Nanoparticles loaded with heparin can prevent thrombus formation at locally damaged blood vessels and thus help prevent restenosis. Therefore, the application of nano-controlled release system in the blood vessels to prevent re-stenosis of the blood vessels has bright prospects, but it needs to be improved and clinically verified.

In the study of polystyrene-progesterone-immunosphere-immobilized nanospheres, an improved emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization method was used to prepare polystyrene microspheres and the effects of polymerization temperature and organic solvent content on polymerization reaction and particle size were studied. Research, and then the synthesis of polystyrene, microspheres and progesterone antibody reaction, the results show that by adding a small amount of organic solvents, improve the polymerization rate and conversion rate, preparation of wide-particle size control monodisperse polystyrene immunomicro The particle size of the spheres is such that the nanospheres have a high antibody binding capacity and maintain high antibody activity after binding. The 1371 nanoparticles can also be used for immobilized enzyme immunoassays as well as for permanent infusion of protein peptides and other therapeutic agents into the muscle. 1 et al. 3 have demonstrated that polybutyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles coated with the nonionic surfactant polysorbate 80 can cross the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, the nanoparticle can be modified to pass through the blood-brain barrier and transport drugs to the central nervous system. For example, intravenous injection of leucinol drugs to mice, 3 or 3, for example, containing polybutyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles, are not easy to pass through the blood-brain barrier and do not produce analgesic effects; The nanoparticle surface was modified with Tween 809 and 1.1 gamma 80. After intravenous injection, it could produce analgesic effect, indicating that this form of nanoparticle can pass through the blood-brain barrier. Man 1 et al also proved that encapsulating polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles with Tween 80 can deliver opioid agonist 3 also through the blood-brain barrier 5 to exert its analgesic effect. In addition, nanoparticles can also be used as drug carriers to enhance the absorption of therapeutic agents in the form of transdermal skin. 4 Outlook In conclusion. The nano controlled release system is a very promising and promising stalk control system. The animal whistle of these diseases shows excellent curative effect and has a bright application prospect. However, most of the current studies are still in vitro and in vivo. In order to become a common clinical dosage form, a large number of human experiments and in-depth studies are required to prove it. Nanoparticles are absorbed by the intestine in the form of particles and are distributed in organs such as lymph node blood and liver and spleen bone marrow. After being absorbed orally, they still maintain their ability to target certain parts of the body. However, the quantitative study of orally-absorbed nanoparticles is still insufficient, and the absorbed nanoparticles have a significant particle size dependence. Nanoparticles with smaller particle sizes absorb several times more than nanoparticles with larger particles. So far, the mechanism of intestinal absorption of nanoparticles is not entirely clear, there is a possibility of intracellular absorption; absorption between cells; absorbed by river cells and lymph nodes. These mechanisms seem to exist at the same time, but the degree of action is different in different parts of the intestine. 139. These need the scholars of drug carriers to carry out more in-depth and more detailed research. Nowadays the rapid development of genetic engineering, nano controlled release system as a gene carrier It will be the focus of research in the future for a long time. The use of artificial virus systems as gene vectors will promote the development of synthetic vectors. This non-viral form avoids the use of a recombination virus to limit defects, and a 4-unit nanoparticle transfection protocol may have a detailed solution to the barrier of the future 7-nucleotide polynucleotide. This includes limiting the physical and mechanical barriers of the conveyors to the physical and chemical barriers and obstructions of the colloidal particles, and the hidden transport of biological barriers. By investigating the characteristics of the virus through the biofilm and applying it, the transfection efficiency of the existing gene vector will be greatly improved. It is believed that the use of a reasonable amount of technetium complexes will achieve similar predictions as true viral particles. The transfection efficiency can be predicted boldly. With the deepening of human studies on virion-like particles, nano-controlled release systems will be enhanced as gene carriers. The feasibility and practicability will inevitably lead to a breakthrough in the study of genetic carriers by humans. Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 1999, 182216222.

1 Changjin. Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 19154216,221.

Chang Jin Mao Jinshu, Evergreen and so on. Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 1999, 182222227.

0 Abstract of the paper, 03 polyoxometalate organic-inorganic hybrid materials HU Chang-wen YONG Hui LI Yang-guang, WANG En-bo Institute of Polyacid Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, derivative hybrid materials, charge transfer 0-salts and organic-inorganic composite membranes. Elbow organic or organic metal-derived hybrid materials are classified into classes, 51 ligands are used as anti-cations, and 2 ligands are directly coordinated with the PCT framework. 3 ligands and heterometal coordination, and 4 organometallic ligands. In addition, this article also describes the elbow 0-dimerized material. They contain different organic 1 electron donors, such as substituted amides. Aromatic amines or electron-rich thioversaene divinylthiothiafulvalene 8 Shen 1 or butyl and ferrocene; and only financial and electrochemical growth methods. Finally, the rationality of this paper for these hybrid materials