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Tools are often used in everyday life, and the development of tool materials plays a decisive role in the advancement of cutting technology. So, how should we choose the tool? What kind of performance should the tool material have? Let's explain it to everyone.
The performance of the tool material:
1. Tool material - high hardness and wear resistance
Hardness is the basic characteristic that a tool material should have. The tool must cut the chip from the workpiece and its hardness must be greater than the hardness of the workpiece material. The cutting edge hardness of the tool used for cutting metal is generally above 60HRC. Abrasion resistance is the ability of a material to resist wear. In general, the higher the hardness of the tool material, the better its wear resistance. The harder the hard spots (carbides, nitrides, etc.) in the structure, the higher the number, the smaller the particles, and the more uniform the distribution, the better the wear resistance. Abrasion resistance is also related to the chemical composition, strength, microstructure, and temperature of the friction zone. The wear resistance of the material can be expressed by the formula WR: WR = KIC 0.5E - 0.8H1.43 where: H - material hardness (GPa). The higher the hardness, the better the wear resistance. KIC - fracture toughness of the material (MPa · m?). The larger the KIC, the smaller the fracture caused by the stress of the material and the better the wear resistance. E - the modulus of elasticity (GPa) of the material. When E is small, the microscopic strain caused by the abrasive grains contributes to lower stress and improves wear resistance.
2, tool material - sufficient strength and toughness
To allow the tool to withstand high pressures and to withstand the shock and vibration conditions that often occur during the cutting process without causing chipping and breaking, the tool material must have sufficient strength and toughness.
3, tool material - high heat resistance (thermal stability)
Heat resistance is a major indicator of the cutting performance of tool materials. It refers to the ability of the tool material to maintain a certain degree of hardness, wear resistance, strength and toughness under high temperature conditions. The tool material should also have the ability to resist oxidation at high temperatures and good resistance to adhesion and diffusion, ie the tool material should have good chemical stability.
4, tool material - good thermal physical properties and thermal shock resistance
The better the thermal conductivity of the tool material, the easier it is to remove the heat from the cutting area, which helps to reduce the cutting temperature. When the cutting tool is interrupted or the cutting fluid is used intermittently, the tool is often subjected to a large thermal shock (the temperature changes drastically), and cracks are generated inside the tool to cause breakage. The ability of the tool material to resist thermal shock can be expressed by the thermal shock resistance coefficient R, which is defined as:
R=λσb(1-μ)/Eα
Where: λ—thermal conductivity; σb—tensile strength; μ—Poisson's ratio; E—elastic modulus; α—coefficient of thermal expansion.
The thermal conductivity is large, which makes the heat easy to dissipate, reduces the temperature gradient of the tool surface; the thermal expansion coefficient is small, which can reduce the thermal deformation; the elastic modulus is small, which can reduce the magnitude of the alternating stress caused by thermal deformation; Increased impact performance. A tool material with good thermal shock resistance can use cutting fluid during cutting.
5, tool material - good process performance
In order to facilitate the manufacture of the tool, the tool material is required to have good process properties such as forging performance, heat treatment performance, high temperature plastic deformation property, and grinding performance.
6, tool materials - economic
Economics is one of the important indicators of tool materials. Although high-quality tool materials are costly in single-piece tools, the cost of distributing them to each part is not necessarily high because of its long service life. Therefore, the economic effects of the tool materials should be considered comprehensively.
The above is some of the performance that Xiaobian has to introduce for the tool materials. I believe that everyone now understands how to select the tools. Today, the introduction of Xiaobian is here. If you want to know more, you can continue. Follow us on the best home network, go Jiaju.com will continue to provide you with more relevant reports.
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