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As a farmer, you must have some hard knowledge of pesticides. In order to facilitate you to understand this knowledge in a timely manner, Xiaobian has exhausted the power of the waste to sum up the knowledge of pesticides. I hope to help you. Let us Get up and get to know it.
1. What is a pesticide?
A: Pesticides refer to the prevention and control of pests (pests, pests, pathogens, weeds, rodents) and the regulation of plant growth in agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry.
2. What types of pesticides are classified according to their use?
A: It can be divided into insecticides , fungicides , acaricides, rodenticides, herbicides, molluscicides, plant growth regulators, etc.
3. What is the pesticide dosage form? What is the pesticide preparation?
A: The unprocessed pesticides produced in the factory are called original drugs, and there are generally two types of raw powder and crude oil. The original drug and a variety of auxiliary materials are processed to have a certain composition and specification of the processing form, which is called a dosage form. A dosage form can be made into a variety of products of different contents and different uses, which are called preparations.
4. What are the common dosage forms of pesticides?
A: Common dosage forms include powders, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, granules, suspensions, and water-based agents.
5. What are the conventional application methods for pesticides?
A: There are dusting method, spray method, poison bait method, seed treatment method, soil treatment method, fumigation method, fumigation method, smoke method, granulation method, aircraft application method, etc.
6. What are the advantages of mixed use of pesticides?
A: Scientific mixing can prevent and control several pests and diseases at the same time, save time, reduce labor costs, prevent or delay the development of drug resistance of pathogenic pests, improve the performance of pharmaceuticals, prolong the period of residual effect, learn from each other's strengths, and exert their own specialties.
7. What problems should be paid attention to when mixing pesticides?
Answer: The combination of pesticides should achieve the purpose of increasing efficiency, treating and expanding the target of prevention and treatment. After mixing, physical and chemical changes cannot occur. Crops should not cause phytotoxicity, should not reduce the efficacy of the drug, and should not increase acute toxicity.
8. What kind of weather should not use pesticides?
A: It is not advisable to use pesticides under windy, rainy, high temperature, high humidity and other weather conditions, otherwise it will reduce the effectiveness of the drug, increase environmental pollution and produce phytotoxicity.
9. How to use pesticides during the rainy season?
A: You can use systemic and quick-acting pesticides, add adhesives to pesticides, and spray to roots.
10. What is the duration of validity?
A: After the pesticide is applied, it can effectively control the duration of the pests and diseases.
11. How to improve the control effect of pesticides?
Answer: (1) Master the law of occurrence of pests and diseases, and seize the best prevention and treatment period; (2) Spray and evenly and thoughtfully; (3) Accurately grasp the concentration of use and the amount of medicine used per mu.
12. How to prevent the development of resistance to pests and diseases?
A: Adhere to the comprehensive prevention and control measures; rotate and use different types of pesticides; mix pesticides; add synergists; master the best control opportunities, strive for effective results, reduce the number of uses and concentration.
13. What is the meaning of pesticide toxicity?
A: A very small amount of pesticides can directly or indirectly poison human body, livestock, poultry and beneficial animals or cause serious damage to their functions. This property of pesticides is called toxicity.
14. What are the disadvantages of organophosphorus pesticides?
A: Organophosphorus pesticides generally have a short duration of action (7-10 days). They are easy to use and are resistant to pests and diseases; they are particularly prone to poisoning accidents.
15. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of pyrethroid pesticides?
A: The main advantage of pyrethroid pesticides is the small amount of pharmaceuticals. The main disadvantage is that pests and diseases are particularly susceptible to drug resistance.
16. Why is the most likely poisoning accident when the weather is hot and the temperature is high?
A: On the one hand, because of the hot weather and high temperatures, there are many pests and diseases, pesticides are easy to volatilize, and the body's chances of absorbing pesticides increase. On the other hand, when the temperature is high, the human capillaries expand, the amount of blood increases, the human metabolism can be enhanced, and pesticides can easily enter the human body.
17. When is the best time to apply?
A: From a safety point of view, it is generally 8-10 o'clock in the morning and 4-8 o'clock in the afternoon. It should be stopped in high wind or rainy weather.
18. Which pesticides are prone to poisoning?
A: Common highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides, such as parathion (1605), methyl parathion (methyl 1605), methamidophos, phorate, monocrotophos, 1059, cotton conservation, oxidation Organophosphorus insecticides such as fruit and dichlorvos and carbamate insecticides such as cockroach, chlorpyrifos and carbofuran are susceptible to poisoning.
19. What are the symptoms of pesticide poisoning?
A: Mild manifestations of fatigue, dizziness, headache, nausea, loss of appetite, etc.; symptoms of poisoning are hooliganism, chest tightness, abdominal pain, vomiting, sweating, difficulty breathing, etc.; severe symptoms manifested as unstable movement, dilated pupils, breathing Difficulties, decreased blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, incontinence, coma, etc.
20. What first aid measures can be taken after pesticide poisoning?
A: Move the patient to a cool and ventilated place as soon as possible, unbutton the clothes, wash the skin, hands, feet and other contaminants with water and soap repeatedly, and rinse with 1% baking soda. After oral administration into the human body, you should immediately use your fingers to stimulate the patient's throat, or take 1% copper sulfate for vomiting. And sent to hospital for treatment. Severe cases should be sent to hospital immediately.
21. What are the stomach poisoning, contact and fumigation effects of pesticides?
A: The stomach poisoning effect is that the medicine enters the digestive system through pests and feeds, causing the poisoning of the pests to die. The contact killing effect is that the drug infiltrates into the insect body through the epidermis of the worm body to cause poisoning of the pest. Fumigation is the evaporation of certain chemicals into toxic gases at normal temperatures, and then enters the insects through the respiratory system of the pests, causing the poisoning of the pests to die.
22. What are the characteristics of pyrethroid insecticides?
A: The advantages are high efficiency, broad spectrum, low toxicity, low residue; the disadvantage is that most of them have no systemic action and fumigation, and pests are prone to drug resistance.
23. What are the characteristics of the silkworm toxin pesticides (insecticides, insecticides, killings)?
A: Broad spectrum; at the same time, it has contact, stomach poison and fumigation; low toxicity and low residue; it is a nerve poison; it does not produce cross-resistance with other pesticides.
24, the use of silkworm toxins, should pay special attention to what problems?
A: The problem of phytotoxicity. Brassica napus, cabbage and other cruciferous vegetable seedlings are sensitive to chlorpyrifos and insecticides, especially in summer. Beans, cotton, etc. are particularly sensitive to insecticidal rings and insecticidal insects, and are susceptible to phytotoxicity. In addition, they have a strong ability to kill silkworms, and have a long-lasting effect, to prevent pollution of mulberry leaves and silkworms.
25. What are the characteristics of avermectin pesticides?
A: Avermectin is an antibiotic insecticide and acaricide prepared by liquid fermentation of Streptomyces argus . It has high efficiency, broad spectrum, long-lasting effect, safety to natural enemies, pests are not easy to produce drug resistance, easy to degrade, no residue, no phytotoxicity to crops.
26. Is avermectin fast enough to kill insects?
A: Abamectin is mainly caused by stomach toxicity and has a contact effect. After the medicament enters the worm, it mainly blocks the transmission of motor nerve signals, causing the worm to paralyze, inactive, not feeding, and dying after 2-4 days. In fact, the effect is fast and the effect is fast, but the "see" effect is slower.
27. What is a fungicide?
A: Fungicides are a class of pesticides used to control diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and other pathogens.
28. What is the difference between the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of fungicides?
A: The bactericidal effect is that the bactericide actually kills the bacteria. The bacteriostatic effect is a process in which the bactericide inhibits the life activity of the pathogen, so that it cannot be developed, and the pathogen is not killed.
29. What is the protective, therapeutic and eradicative effects of fungicides?
A: The protective effect is to apply the disease before the infestation of the crop to protect the crop from disease. The therapeutic effect is to apply the drug after the pathogen has infected the crop or after the disease, inhibiting the growth or pathogenic process of the pathogen, and stopping the development of the disease or gradually returning to health. The eradication effect is to kill the bacteria on the surface of the crop or in the farming environment by applying the pesticide to protect the crop from infestation.
30. Which two types of herbicides are classified according to their properties?
A: It is divided into non-selective herbicides and selective herbicides. The former has a killing effect on all plants, regardless of crops and weeds. The latter can kill all weeds or some weeds, but it does not harm the crops.
31. Which two types of herbicides are classified according to their mode of action?
A: One type is a contact herbicide. After spraying, it can only kill the weed parts that are directly exposed to the drug. The other type is a systemic herbicide that can be absorbed by the roots, stems, leaves or buds of weeds and transported to the whole plant in the body to cause it to die.
32. What are the four periods in the life history of insects?
A: The life history of insects generally includes four periods: eggs, larvae, pupa, and adults.
33. At what stage did the pest mainly harm crops?
A: Pests mainly harm crops during larval stages. The larvae are generally divided into 6 ages according to the size of the developmental stage, and up to 8 years old when the heaviest is heavy. Generally, the 1-2 instar larvae eat small, the food intake increases in 3-4 years, and the food intake increases after the 5th age. . It is generally not harmful to crops during eggs, mites, and adult stages.
34. Where is the egg mass of rice stem borer?
A: Adults (moths) produce egg masses at the front tip of the leaves during the tillering stage of rice, and produce 70-80 eggs per egg on the 2-3 inch leaf sheath from the water surface after jointing of rice round rods.
35. What is the living habit of rice mites?
Answer: Many larvae of the first larvae of the mites are harmed in the sheath, causing the sheath; after 2-3 years, the stalks of the stalks are dispersed, and one larva can harm 8-10; the larvae of the larvae are at the base of the stem or the sheath of the stem. Interspersed.
36. What are the methods for controlling rice stem borer?
A: Master the period of application, generally 3-5 days after the peak of hatching eggs, or when the first time sees the sheath, the young larvae (1-2 years old) larvae kill 30-35 grams per acre. 50 kg of water. It can also be used for comprehensive prevention and control measures such as mercury lamp moth, artificial egg collection, white ear cutting, watering and killing, adult worming and root excavation.
37. Is the nymph a larva?
A: There are four periods of eggs, larvae, pupa and adults in the life history of insects. However, some insects have incomplete metamorphosis in their life history, and only three periods of eggs, nymphs, and adults have emerged, such as locusts and mites. The eggs hatch out are nymphs. The characteristics of the adults gradually appear with the growth and development of the nymphs. They do not pass through the flood season, but the wings and reproductive organs of the nymphs are not fully developed.
38. What are the three main species of rice planthopper?
A: There are three species of rice planthopper, brown planthopper, white-backed planthopper and gray planthopper.
39. Why is rice planthopper a migratory pest?
A: Rice planthoppers generally winter in warm tropical climates such as Guangdong, Hainan, Vietnam, and Thailand. From March to May each year, they gradually migrate from south to north with southwest warm and humid airflow. The Pearl River Basin moved to the Yangtze River Basin in mid-July and moved to the Jianghuai and Huaibei areas from late July to late August. From late August to late September, it gradually moved southward with the southward airflow. Therefore, rice planthopper is a migratory pest.
40. What are the characteristics of rice planthoppers in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River?
A: The three kinds of locusts are mixed in June to the end of September. Generally, the early rice in June is mainly gray-flying locusts, and the white-backed locusts are mainly in the period from July to August, and the brown planthoppers are mainly in the period from August to September. The prevention and treatment focused on the upper sentence from late July to September and continued until late September.
41. What is the hazard of cotton bollworms?
A: Helicoverpa armigera occurs in the middle and late stages of cotton growth. The larvae mainly damage the flower, bud, bell and other reproductive organs of cotton, causing shedding and rotten bells, which is a serious hazard.
42. What are the differences between the symptoms of tomato early blight and late blight?
A: Early blight: Infecting leaves, stems, and fruit parts, the leaves and stems and leaves are most susceptible to disease. Diseases generally begin to occur from the lower leaves and gradually expand upward. The lesions are round or oval with a dark brown concentric pattern and a yellow or halo on the outer edge. The stems and leaves are branched or fruited, and the lesions are elliptical, slightly concave, and also have a dark brown concentric pattern. When wet, the surface of the lesion is gray and black.
Late blight: mainly affects the leaves and fruits of tomato, the incidence of leaves, mostly from the tip of the leaf, the edge of the leaf, the lesion is initially dark green water stain, the border between the lesion and the healthy tissue is light green, the disease on the back of the lesion The leaf veins are dark brown, and when it is wet, the white mold layer grows on the back of the disease. The fruit is susceptible to damage, and the oily shape is formed near the fruit stalk, and the lesion is hard. A small amount of white mold grows when wet and rots quickly.
More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
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