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The technique of drip irrigation under the film of walnut under the film is the problem of high cost of construction, low survival rate, tight water source and slow speed of garden construction in the process of planting and planting walnuts in Xinjiang in recent years, combined with the accumulation of cotton under the years. The experience of the dropper, summed up a simple operation, low input cost, early effect, water saving, rapid construction of the technology, can be promoted in the future walnut production.
1 seed preparation
1.1 Seed collection
The walnuts used for sowing should be selected from the local non-freezing and pest-tolerant, thick-shelled walnut seedlings as the seedling mother tree. It is collected in the same year and used in the spring of the following year. In the autumn, when the fruit is cracked in half, the fruit is peeled off, peeled off the green peel, and dried in the sun for 5-7 days. Select the full walnut to make the seeds, and put them into a woven bag to store in a cool and ventilated place.
1.2 Seed treatment before spring sowing
Soak the seeds 10 days before sowing, soak the seeds in cold water for 8~10 days, change the water once every 2~3 days, and flip once. When some of the seeds are swelled and swelled, they are taken out at noon on sunny days, and dried for 2 hours in the sun.
1.3 using species calculation
According to the line spacing of 0.5 m×5 m, the seeding was carried out manually. Each seed had 1 seed, and 267 walnut seeds per 667 m2, generally calculated according to 70 walnuts per kg. In theory, the amount of 667 m2 used was 3.8 kg. In actual production, the germination rate of walnuts is generally around 70%. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare about 5.5 kg of walnut seeds per 667 m2.
2 garden preparation
Choose a sunny soil with flat terrain, deep soil layer, fertile soil, low groundwater level (less than 1.5m), complete shelter forest, and good irrigation conditions. Fill the winter water in the autumn of 1 year before sowing. In spring, 667 m2 of fully-fertilized farmyard manure is 4m3, and then deep-turning and soil preparation are carried out to achieve Qi, Ping, Song, Crush, Sputum, Net and Straight.
3 sowing
Sowing walnuts in the Aksu area is generally carried out in early April. Before the sowing, 20~25 kg of diammonium phosphate was applied per 667 m2 to carry out ploughing and leveling, and the soil was required to be finely divided. A protective belt of 1.5 m or more is required for the intercropping garden. Seeding was carried out according to the row spacing of 0.5 m × 5 m. Under-film drip irrigation technology. After sowing, the machine was used to cover the 80 cm wide film with a line spacing of 5 m, and a drip irrigation belt was laid. On-demand by artificial spacing of 0.5 m. A cracked seed was placed in each hole. The suture of the walnut seed was perpendicular to the ground at the time of sowing, and the tip of the seed was turned to the outside. After sowing, the soil was covered with 5~8 cm. After 30 days of sowing, seedling began to emerge. In order to ensure that the intercropped cotton does not affect the normal growth of walnut seedlings, a protective tape of 1.2 m is required for the walnut.
4 drip irrigation system
The diameter of the main pipe is 25 cm, the diameter of the main pipe is 15 cm, the diameter of the branch pipe is 10 cm, and the diameter of the surface capillary is 2 cm. The main pipe is laid according to the short side of the block, with a buried depth of 1.5 m or less, covering an area of ​​20~26.7 hm2, and water supply per 1 h. 000~2 000 m3; the main pipe is set vertically with the main pipe, the distance between the main pipe is 80~100 m, and the buried depth is less than 1.2 m; the branch pipe and the main pipe are arranged vertically, the branch pipe spacing is 40~50 m, the buried depth is 40~50 cm; the surface capillary pipe According to the actual planting of the ground crops, the drip holes are consistent with the seeding points of the walnuts.
5 post-broadcast management
When the walnut is planted, the soil is thicker and the emergence period is long. During the period of time, the film is immersed for 2 to 3 times. May-July is a critical period for seedling growth, and it usually takes 4 to 5 drops. Fill the winter water before the soil is frozen. From May to June, combined with irrigation, the nitrogen fertilizer was applied twice, each time with urea 5~10 kg/667 m2, and in July, the compound fertilizer was applied once for 10 kg/667 m2, combined with drip irrigation. Root dressing can also be carried out during seedling growth. From June to early July, spray with 0.3%~0.5% urea for 2~3 times. In August, spray the leaves twice with 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Nitrogen should be stopped on July 15th, and irrigation should be controlled at the end of August, and the autumn shoots should be wiped out in time to promote the maturity of the branches and ensure the safe wintering of the saplings. Late August
After the water is stopped, the mulch film and the dropper are completely removed. Before the soil is frozen, the soil is buried and cold-proof, and it is generally buried with dry soil. The thickness of the buried soil is more than 30 cm. On the 10th of March of the second year, after the soil was thawed, the soil was removed from the soil and the target land was leveled. In addition, it should be noted that in the first 4 years after the sowing, the cotton was mainly used as the economic crop, and the wheat was used after the fifth year. To strengthen the control of red spiders during intercropping with cotton, 50% of the dead gelatin suspension 4 000 times should be sprayed from June to July.
6 grafting
6.1 Preparation before grafting
Before the second year of sowing, before the germination of the walnut, the stem was cut at a full height of 30 cm. After squirting, the new shoots sprout and leave a strong shoot to prepare for the summer sprouting.
6.2 Grafting method
In the summer of the second year after the broadcast, the best time in the Aksu area is generally grafted between June 5-25. The use of square-shaped bud grafting and inlay bud grafting provides fast grafting speed and high survival rate. Varieties can be selected from Wen 185 and Xinxin 2, which are both main varieties and pollinated varieties, and are arranged according to the ratio of (3~5)..1. That is, grafting 4 rows of main varieties, 1 row of pollination varieties.
7 shifting seedlings
According to the cultivation and management conditions and site conditions, the seedlings are removed according to the 3 m plant spacing or other density, and the excess seedlings are removed. The removed seedlings can be used for planting in new gardens or as commercial seedlings for sale, with considerable benefits.
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