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Energy conservation and emission reduction are major strategic issues related to the sustainable development of the economy and society, and are a major strategic task for the economic and social development determined by the state. The power industry is not only the creator of high-quality clean energy, but also a major energy consumer and a major emitter of pollution. It is also a key area for the country to implement energy conservation and emission reduction.
By the end of 2007, China's total installed capacity of power generation has exceeded 700 million kilowatts, of which thermal power exceeded 550 million kilowatts, thermal power accounted for 77.7% of the total installed capacity of power generation, and thermal power generation accounted for a larger proportion, accounting for 82.86. %.
Although the state has been striving to adjust the power generation structure, coal power still accounts for a large proportion. According to China's power strategy plan, the development of power workers will continue to be dominated by thermal power generation by 2030. It is estimated that China's installed capacity will reach 1.4 billion kW in 2020, of which thermal power is about 950 million kW. Therefore, energy-saving and emission reduction of thermal power plants has a long way to go.
Despite the severe situation of energy conservation and emission reduction in China, under the strong advocacy of the state, the energy conservation and emission reduction work of power plants has achieved certain results. In 2007, the coal consumption of power plants in China's thermal power plants of over 6,000 kW was 356 g/kWh. This is a year of decline in recent years, which is 11 grams/kWh lower than the 367 g/kWh in 2006. It is equivalent to 24.23 million tons of standard coal produced by thermal power plants with a capacity of more than 6,000 kWh in the whole year, accounting for 2.75% of the standard coal consumption for power generation. With the joint efforts of the state and power companies, it is expected to be reduced to 320 g / kWh by 2020, close to or reach the world's advanced level.
In terms of emission reduction, the national electricity sulfur dioxide emissions in 2007 decreased by 9% compared with the previous year, which made an important contribution to the first decline in the annual total emissions of sulfur dioxide in the country in recent years. In 2007, the capacity of flue gas desulfurization units of thermal power plants with a capacity of 100,000 kilowatts and above was 110 million kilowatts, a year-on-year increase of 4.8%. Among them, the proportion of new unit desulfurization equipment is 70%, the existing unit is transformed to 30%; the 600,000 kW and above desulfurization unit is about 60.4 million kilowatts, accounting for 55%. By the end of 2007, the national thermal power plant flue gas desulfurization unit had a capacity of more than 270 million kilowatts, accounting for about half of the capacity of the national thermal power unit. Compared with the end of the “fifteenthâ€, the capacity of the flue gas desulfurization unit of the thermal power plant increased by more than 53 times. It guarantees the discharge of the current SO2 emission concentration control of the main thermal power units.
In addition, all domestic units above 300MW are equipped with high-efficiency electrostatic precipitators or bag filters to ensure that the dust concentration at the outlet of the precipitator is controlled at 100mg/Nm3. As of the end of 2007, the domestic thermal power unit has installed more than 26,000 MW of flue gas denitrification equipment. The thermal power plant with the flue gas denitration device installed in this part has already achieved the NOX emission standard for some units with low NOX burners.
The above achievements in energy conservation and emission reduction are inseparable from the implementation of relevant national laws, policies and measures, and the importance of power companies for energy conservation and emission reduction policies. Promoting energy conservation and emission reduction to a higher goal is inseparable from the "engine" of scientific and technological progress.
The improvement of automation technology and its wide application are the key to achieving energy saving and emission reduction
In power companies, whether it is the improvement of production efficiency or the realization of energy-saving emission reduction targets, it is closely related to the informationization and automation level of enterprises. All production processes and environmentally friendly processes are inseparable from automation. After more than 20 years of rapid development, especially in China, the level of automation and informatization has reached a very high level. The implementation and application of distributed control system (DCS), computer-based dedicated control system and various optimization software control systems realize real-time monitoring, rapid control and optimized operation of the production process. The application of various information management systems and the effective integration with automation systems enable the integration of production processes and enterprise management.
The real-time/historical database can collect and store real-time and historical data of various automation systems such as DCS, other dedicated control systems and auxiliary control systems in real time, establish a plant-wide information sharing data platform, and realize real-time monitoring of the whole plant production process based on the database platform. Advanced application functions such as economic indicator calculation and analysis can provide analysis and safety assessment services for power plants to save energy and reduce consumption.
New breakthrough in automation technology application in power plants
With the vigorous development and successful application of domestic automatic control technology, automation technology has made important breakthroughs in power plant applications.
The first is the centralized control of the power plant host group to achieve multi-machine control. At present, most of the domestic operating power plants are controlled by one control room and two units, and one control room controls one unit. With the improvement of the automation level of power plants, in recent years, it has developed into one control room of three units, one control room of four units, and even started to try more control units of one unit. A typical example of success is Huaneng Yuhuan Power Plant, an automatic control system designed by China Electric Power Engineering Consulting Group Huadong Electric Power Design Institute. It has achieved a four-machine-one control method and achieved great success.
Second, the power plant auxiliary workshop system has achieved centralized network control. In addition to the main engines, ie boilers, steam turbines and generators and related systems, there are many auxiliary systems, including coal processing systems, water treatment systems, ash processing systems, fuel systems, etc. These auxiliary systems often require a separate control system. A separate control room is required to control it. With the improvement of the design level and the advancement of control technology, the auxiliary systems with similar geographical locations and the same process properties are gradually implemented. For example, the Hunan Yiyang Power Plant, which was put into operation at the beginning of this century, has reduced the dozens of control rooms of more than a dozen auxiliary systems into three control rooms, and has taken a big step forward. Another example is the Datang Wangtan Power Plant, designed by China North Power Design Institute of China Power Engineering Consulting Group. All the auxiliary control systems are integrated into one control system, and the automatic control level has been greatly improved.
The third is that the fieldbus-based control system has begun to be applied. Fieldbus has been used in power plants for nearly a decade, starting with a local sporadic small system, and later developed into a complete auxiliary workshop system such as the water treatment system of Huaneng Yuhuan Power Plant. Recently, it has been used in large scale in the host group. For example, Huaneng Jinling Power Plant, designed by China Electric Power Engineering Consulting Group Huadong Electric Power Design Institute, and Huaneng Jiutai Power Plant, designed by China Electric Power Engineering Consulting Group Northeast Electric Power Design Institute, have applied fieldbus-based control systems to the design of mainframes. Currently, these two projects are under construction.
The fourth is the advancement of automatic control technology for local automation companies. In the past 10 years, several local automation companies represented by Hollysys Co., Ltd. have developed rapidly. They dare to innovate, have strong R&D capabilities, continue to invest heavily, and have strong back-rest, plus the support of the state and some state-owned power companies. Of course, the most fundamental reason is that the local enterprises themselves can develop the automation products needed by the power plants, which makes the power plant business of the local automation enterprises progress rapidly. Guohua Jinjie Power Plant, designed by China Electric Power Engineering Consulting Group Northwest Electric Power Design Institute, adopted the DCS of Hollysys Co., Ltd. to realize the first successful application of domestic DCS in 600MW units. At present, the era of 1000 MW units using domestic DCS has also begun.
The future direction of automation technology
From the level of automation development of domestic enterprises, although the control technology has reached a high level, there is still room for further development in the aspects of digitalization, networking, intelligence, and safety instrumentation of automatic control technology. First of all, the development of digital has a large space. Networking should strengthen the seamless links of various systems, and make information exchange more smooth under the premise of ensuring information security. The intelligentization is mainly reflected in the optimization control software. The enterprise should develop a more optimized operation model that is more suitable for the power generation production process to guide the control process to promote energy conservation and emission reduction. Safety instruments are also very important in terms of plant safety. Once an accident that jeopardizes the safety of the power plant occurs, the safety instrument can implement an automatic alarm to stop various operating systems in time to protect the equipment from losses, thereby minimizing plant losses.
Power companies have broad prospects for energy conservation and emission reduction
Although China's energy-saving and emission reduction work of coal-fired power generation enterprises has achieved remarkable results at present, this is mainly achieved under the vigorous promotion of the state and the government. If the state and power companies can improve in the following aspects, China's energy conservation and emission reduction will achieve greater results. First, the state should improve laws, regulations, and incentives for energy conservation and emission reduction. The formulation of laws and regulations should focus on operability and long-term nature. The intensity of reward and punishment measures should be strengthened. The reward and punishment measures should be linked with the economic benefits of enterprises. After guiding enterprises to weigh the interests, they should actively introduce energy conservation and emission reduction. Related technologies fundamentally reduce consumption, reduce emissions, and achieve recycling of resources. This is fundamentally focusing on energy conservation and emission reduction. Second, with the country's advocacy of energy conservation and emission reduction and the progress of society, the awareness of social responsibility of power companies is also strengthening, and gradually shifting from passive acceptance to initiative for energy conservation and emission reduction. Third, automation companies, especially local automation companies, have strengthened research and development control technologies, further enhanced the development of energy-saving and emission reduction control products, and provided technical support and system solutions for energy conservation and emission reduction. In this way, after several joint efforts, China's power system energy conservation and emission reduction must have broad prospects, contributing to the beautiful environment of China and the world, and the happier life of people.
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