Smart city grasps the new world of Internet of Things architecture

"Smart City" is the specific practice of "Smart Earth" in urban construction and management. Smart Earth is the concept put forward by IBM, that is, people expect to embed sensors in various grids, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways and other objects in all corners of the globe and connect them universally to form the so-called “Internet of Things”. Integrate the “Internet of Things” through the “Internet” to achieve the integration of social and physical worlds. This concept has been continuously updated and improved.

People expect to embed sensors in various grids, railways, bridges, tunnels, roads, and other objects in all corners of the globe, and connect them universally to form the so-called “Internet of Things” and then “Internet of Things” through the “Internet of Things”. Integrate and realize the integration of social and physical worlds. With the promotion of the Internet of Things and a new generation of information technology, a smart city can truly be realized with a seamless connection and friendly human-machine interface.

If urbanization should change from fast to good, it is necessary to explore a more "healthy" new urbanization path.

People expect to embed sensors in various grids, railways, bridges, tunnels, roads, and other objects in all corners of the globe, and connect them universally to form the so-called “Internet of Things” and then “Internet of Things” through the “Internet of Things”. Integrate and realize the integration of social and physical worlds. With the promotion of the Internet of Things and a new generation of information technology, a smart city can truly be realized with a seamless connection and friendly human-machine interface.

There is a blueprint for the smart city plan promoted by the government, but its connotation and goals are still very vague, and most of them are in the exploration and experimentation stage. In this process, we must pay special attention to issues such as privacy leakage and data security that may arise in the Internet of Things era.

A smart city, which resolves the urbanization of the "city disease," is, in layman's terms, the process by which mankind is constantly migrating from the countryside to the city.

According to relevant statistics of the United Nations, in 2000, a quarter of the cities with more than 500,000 people in the world were in China. In the early 1980s, that is, at the beginning of reform and opening up, the rural population accounted for about 80% of the country's population. The 2012 China New Urbanization Report pointed out that the urbanization rate in China has exceeded 50%. This means that for the first time, the urban population in China exceeds the rural population, and the process of urbanization in China has accelerated markedly and it has entered a new turning point.

Urbanization is an inevitable trend of social development. Its fundamental essence is "to make life better." Urban construction and management should be people-centered, provide public services for different classes, and let the general public enjoy the good life brought by urbanization. However, the process of urbanization brings convenience to our lives, but it also brings with it many problems.

Urban disease refers to some negative phenomena that occur during the rapid development of cities, such as crowded population, traffic congestion, employment difficulties, housing shortage, deterioration of public health, environmental pollution, and ecological destruction. Especially in recent years, with the rapid transformation of China's social economy, urban diseases have been growing at a high rate, which has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life. For example, the problem of urban congestion is getting worse. Why is the city congested? Many times it was because the owners lacked effective information to select inappropriate routes and the transportation department did not have information on the immediate system to be able to promptly or predictably disperse the vehicles. For another example, I often say that the city is using electricity. Why is it nervous? Analysis shows that 40% to 70% of the electricity is not consumed on the user's side, but is consumed on the line. This means that in addition to increasing the amount of electricity generated as much as possible, there is still much room for improvement in the entire transmission process of electricity.

Therefore, if urbanization should change from fast to good, it is necessary to explore a new “healthy” urbanization path. If we use sophisticated methods to manage cities, use leading information technologies, and improve the level of intelligence in urban planning, construction, management, and services, so-called smart cities, it may be a good medicine for solving urban diseases.

Smart cities, stepping into the “Smart City” from the concept of practice are concrete practices of “Smart Earth” in urban construction and management. Smart Earth is the concept put forward by IBM, that is, people expect to embed sensors in various grids, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways and other objects in all corners of the globe and connect them universally to form the so-called “Internet of Things”. Integrate the “Internet of Things” through the “Internet” to achieve the integration of social and physical worlds. This concept has been continuously updated and improved. IBM believes that the "Smart City" of the 21st century can make full use of information and communication technology to sense, analyze and integrate key information of the core system of the city's operations, including the people's livelihood, environmental protection, public safety, urban services, and industrial and commercial activities. The various needs make smart responses to create a better urban life for humans.

“Smart Earth” has three characteristics: First, a more thorough perception that it can take full advantage of any device, system, or process that can sense, measure, capture, and transfer information anywhere, anytime; second, more comprehensive interconnection, that is, Smart systems can work together in new ways. The third is more in-depth intelligence, that is, they can use advanced technology to more intelligently gain insight into the world, process information effectively, and realize automatic control, thereby creating new value.

China also attaches great importance to the implementation of smart cities. The national "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" outline proposes "to comprehensively improve the level of informatization" and "accelerate the construction of a broadband, converged, secure, ubiquitous next-generation national information infrastructure to promote informationization and industrialization. Deeply integrate and promote informationization in all areas of economy and society." At present, the National Ministry of Housing, Urban and Rural Development has launched the pilot work of the National Smart City; the National Development and Reform Commission is working on the drafting of guidelines for the healthy development of smart cities; the National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information will organize and implement pilot projects for the construction of smart city space-time information cloud platforms. The three major operators have reached "Smart City" strategic cooperation agreements with more than 300 cities. It is expected that during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, the total investment in China's "Smart City" is expected to reach 500 billion yuan.

As one of the pioneers in the development of smart cities, Nanjing was selected as one of the first batch of pilot cities for “Smart City” technologies and standards identified by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Standardization Management Committee in 2013; Nanjing Hexi New City was selected as the first batch of national smart city pilots for the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. . Nanjing University is the first university in China to establish a research institute that focuses on smart city research.

Smart cities should have their own "connotations"

Since each person has a different position, the angle of view is not the same, and the interpretation of the connotation of "Smart City" also has its own emphasis.

The technicians believe that the smart city is through the development and application of advanced information technology, to achieve a more precise production and life, with emphasis on technology; the industry believes that smart cities to promote information technology and industrialization in a wider range of higher levels of integration and The key lies in the integration of applications; and the city's managers will use smart cities as a means to enhance the city's operating efficiency, management and comprehensive service functions, and emphasize the harmony and sustainable growth of the city. But no matter what kind of interpretation, smart city construction requires the support of a technology, which is based on the diversified combination of Internet of Things technology and the Internet, mobile communication network, and optical communication network that carry it, such as 600 in Taiwan. Ten thousand broadband homes as an infrastructure to promote the construction of smart cities.

Chinese culture is profound and profound, and smart cities should also have their own connotations. The wise man, smart, high IQ, quick response, agility; wisdom, spirit, understanding, spirituality, high emotional intelligence. Therefore, China’s smart cities are not just smart applications of information technology, but also include human intelligence, “people-oriented” and sustainable development. They are characterized by the deep integration of information, industrialization, and urbanization. Based on the high and new technology of “High IQ” and “High Emotional Intelligence”, the new model of urban development is based on smart industry, wisdom service, wisdom management, wisdom and people’s livelihood, and wisdom and humanity.

To promote the gradual formation of smart cities, we must first rely on corresponding technologies, including intelligent technologies and Huihua technologies. The most important is the new generation of information technologies represented by the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and mobile Internet. Secondly, with the technical foundation, combined with the needs of the society, human intelligence is used for R&D, production and management, and creative ideas and products are developed, as well as related industries such as software development, system integration, and mobile internet. Third, the smart industry constitutes a network system that can provide citizens with various kinds of intelligent information services and provide cities with intelligent management tools. In other words, to make full use of and rely on smart high-tech means to effectively integrate resource information, make the various subsystems of the society work together in an efficient manner, realize comprehensive awareness, ubiquitous interconnection, universal computing and fusion applications, and make cities more “intelligent” ".

Smart City, Grasping the "Opportunity" of Internet of Things

The development of global informatization is divided into three waves. The first is the personal computer era with information processing as the core; the second is the Internet era with information transmission as the core; and the third is the current information acquisition core. The age of networking.

Information technology has always been a key area for enhancing international competitiveness. In the new-generation information technology competition represented by the Internet of Things, China's situation is both optimistic and worrying. The Internet of Things can be divided into four layers: application layer, system layer, module layer, and components. This is actually a different part of the industry chain. At its most high-end, which is the end closest to users, there are many well-known companies, such as China Telecom, China Mobile, and China Unicom, the three giants in China's communications industry. Chinese people can proudly boast that they can manage their own information industry. Where do the facilities used by these operators come from? It was purchased from the manufacturer. We also have several well-known companies in China, such as Huawei and ZTE. Their products also extend to all corners of the world. Therefore, at the system level, China has already occupied a place in the world. However, at the module level and the component level, it will be found that China's domestic leading companies are very scarce. The components and components are equivalent to the CPU of the computer and are the core technology of the information industry. However, they have been dominated by companies in developed countries such as the United States and Japan. Therefore, the lack of key technologies for independent and independent property rights is one of the key factors that restrict the development of China's Internet of Things.

There are two sources for the development of new-generation core technologies with independent intellectual property rights. One is market-driven, which creates innovative solutions to the problems arising from the problems in the market; the other is to target certain frontier technologies on the basis of market research. Generate original technical solutions. Before China, the first problem is to simply introduce mature technologies. When this technology becomes obsolete, it will have to introduce newer technologies, lack of self-innovation and continuation of technology. Second, only study foreign advanced technologies, but not domestic ones. The combination of needs, so some of the technical research results can not be landed in China, into the industry. The construction of a smart city must not take such a path. It is necessary to seize the opportunity to enter the core technological field. Now, it is an opportunity.

Why do you say that? In 1965, a large computer appeared in the world; in 1980, an Apple computer appeared; in 1995, an Internet and mobile communication network was formed; basically in 15 years as a cycle, then in 2010, it was exactly the present era, a new technology. (Internet of Things) is likely to form. Therefore, grasping this major opportunity may lead to the appearance of China’s Intel, China’s IBM, and China’s apple.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an IOT (Internet of Thing) and is a network of connected objects. Therefore, the Internet of Things can be simply described as connecting various information sensing devices to the Internet for easy identification and management. Its development goals are ubiquitous perception, communication, computing, and a friendly (seamless) human-machine interface. The Internet of Things can bring great convenience to our lives.

The Internet of Things is a very broad concept that involves computers, involves people, involves a variety of objects, and interoperates at different points in time. The Internet of Things is also an evolving concept. In the beginning, the Internet of Things mainly referred to the connectivity of some infrastructures. Now, it is believed that the Internet of Things is to be connected to any object that is ubiquitous at any time. So what are the future development trends of the Internet of Things? It should be a very friendly, even seamless human-machine interface.

Since Premier Wen Jiabao was asked to “perceive China” in August 2009, the Internet of Things has received great attention from the whole society in China. In 2010, the State Council issued the Decision on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries. What is called a strategic emerging industry? My understanding is that there is an industry that has a significant boost to the national economy and the people's livelihood. This means that if this matter is not done, it may have a negative impact on the future competitiveness of the country. This includes next-generation information technologies such as the Internet of Things and cloud computing.

With the promotion of the Internet of Things and a new generation of information technology, a smart city can truly be realized with a seamless connection and friendly human-machine interface. There are many examples of IoT applications in our lives. From smart homes, smart medical care and pensions, smart grids to intelligent traffic management, urban management, and logistics management, the Internet of Things has been widely used in various aspects of urban life for residents. For example, if a wireless sensor is installed in a parking lot of a social parking lot, the vehicle will stop as long as it is parked on the parking space, and the information will be transmitted to the user through a dedicated customer service phone or mobile phone client so that people can drive out before they leave the car. Learn ahead of time where there are free parking spaces and even get reservations. After the user parks, the system can also accurately charge according to the length of parking.

In short, the era of the Internet of Things will revolutionize all aspects of social life and urban management. Radio frequency identification, wireless sensing, industrial application software, and so on, are core technologies at different levels of the Internet of Things and require us to understand, develop, and master.

Urban “wisdom” is, in the final analysis, human wisdom. Here is a brief introduction to these professional technologies. The first is FRID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology, which is a non-contact automatic identification technology that automatically identifies target objects through radio frequency signals. And get relevant data.

FRID has a lot of information, so it is inseparable from all kinds of sensors to collect the information of the perceived objects. The sensors need to convert the analog signals into digital signals before they can be processed. Such as force sensors, humidity sensors, temperature sensors, gas sensors, photoelectric sensors, magnetic sensors, microwave and ultrasonic sensors can be used in all aspects of life.

The collected information needs to be transmitted on the network. For example, the current 3G mobile communications will enter the fourth generation of mobile communications in the future, and the transmitted data will exceed 100 MB, which is 50 times that of current 3G. At that time, your mobile phone can be delivered in real time. High-definition images; and in the 4G era, it is also possible to integrate wireless communication in any mode, which enables indoor and outdoor communication and a variety of communication methods to freely spread from one standard to another, and our life will be more convenient and efficient. . This point, China's current development is very good, China's TD-LTE technology has been identified by ITU as one of the two candidate international standards. This is an important milestone in China's new generation of mobile communications technology revolution.

Mobile communications will cause people to generate a lot of data anytime and anywhere. The wider the bandwidth, the greater the amount of data. This requires a network bearer layer, that is, a fiber-optic network. The industry has such a claim: “The bandwidth of the cable is limitless, and the bandwidth of the wireless is limited.” Since the conduction loss of light in the optical fiber is much lower than the loss of conduction in the cable, the optical fiber is used as long-distance information transmission. The bandwidth of a wired fiber optic network is almost limitless. At present, a variety of novel fiber optic devices are emerging in an endless stream, not only occupy an increasingly important position in optical communications and optical sensing, but also play an increasingly important role in the fields of industry, power, military, aerospace, and biomedical sciences. effect.

Combating and judging of massive data and large-scale integrated computing require cloud computing. Cloud computing distributes computing tasks over a large number of computer-based resource pools, enabling various application systems to acquire computing power, storage space and This type of software service means that computing power can also be circulated as a commodity. Just like gas and water and electricity, it is easy to access and cheap, which is also a hot topic at the moment.

The Internet of Things technology is, on the whole, four core modules: sense, transmission, knowledge, and control. Sensing is the perception of information, including RFID, sensors and other information acquisition technologies; transmission is the express delivery of information, including optical fiber network technology; knowledge is the analysis, processing, judgment of various information, including cloud computing technology; control is the actual application The intelligent control process includes the aforementioned intelligent transportation, smart home and so on. The Internet of Things will enable the real-time dynamic management of hundreds of millions of items in real time, so as to truly realize “Smart City”.

Smart city construction is a huge and innovative project that requires multiple collaborations. At present, China is still in the primary stage of a smart city. There are no mature models and lessons to be learned. Many theories and practices need further enrichment and improvement.

There is a blueprint for the smart city plan promoted by the government, but its connotation and goals are still very vague, and most of them are in the exploration and experimentation stage. In this process, we must pay special attention to issues such as privacy leakage and data security that may arise in the Internet of Things era. Smart city construction cannot be accomplished overnight. It can start with the most pressing issues that concern people's safety in current urban construction. Smart cities must have visions, master plans, and implementation steps, and must be implemented in conjunction with the local environment and conditions. The "wisdom" of the city is ultimately the wisdom of mankind. It persists in taking "people-oriented" as the starting point and end-result of the construction of a smart city, and with an open and innovative mentality, integrating the concept of synergy, and systematically developing the Internet of Things technology to achieve innovation-driven, Integrate people's intelligence with the intelligence of things to achieve intelligent social management, thus changing the face of the city and creating a better city life.