Small and medium-sized shoe companies gather to develop into large industries

Social division of labor, professional cooperation, base production, regional distribution, industrial clusters and industrial agglomeration have become the major directions for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. The picture shows the workers of Zhejiang Zhuji Furun Textile Co., Ltd. working in the spinning workshop.

From the original self-employed households, “front shop and factory”, to later “one village and one product”, “one town and one product”, and then to today’s social division of labor, professional collaboration, base production, regional distribution, since the reform and opening up in China The development of SMEs is a process of continuous gathering and cluster development.

Statistics show that as of 2010, through guiding the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, China has formed more than 2,000 industrial clusters of a certain size. Tens of thousands of small and medium-sized enterprises in the specialization of division of labor and collaboration, symbiotic and win-win development, while enhancing the core competitiveness, but also effectively promoted the rapid development of related industries and regional economy.

Small gathering brings about big industry

The development of an industry, in addition to leading enterprises to play a leading role, but also requires a large number of SMEs in the division of labor and collaboration, supporting production, the formation of large trees and small trees symbiotic, "forest economy" phenomenon.

Walking on the four streets in the shape of “Well” in Chenjing Town, Jinjiang City, it seems that he entered the sea of ​​shoes. Here, there are more than 600 shoe and shoe materials companies that line each other for several kilometers. As far as machinery and equipment for footwear are concerned, there are everything from shoe spikes to shoe buckles. The materials needed for the footwear industry are all available here. Here, Anta and Kang are gathered together. Step, Delphi and many other well-known sports shoe brands.

No one can imagine that more than 20 years ago, Chen Yuzhen had no shoes to buy. Today's Jinjiang has become the world's largest sports shoe production base, with an annual output of more than 1 billion pairs of sports shoes. "It is relying on the advantages of the industry chain that has been gathering for more than 20 years. Jinjiang footwear industry can grow step by step, and many brands have emerged and become 'Chinese shoes capital'." Hong Yuquan, executive deputy mayor of Jinjiang City, said.

Small gatherings spawned large industries, and the development of Jinjiang footwear is a microcosm of the development of the clustering of SMEs in China. From the self-employed in the early days of reform and opening up, to the “front-to-back-factory” model, to the later “one village, one product”, “one town, one product”, and to today’s social division of labor, professional collaboration, base production, and regional distribution, Industrial clusters and industrial agglomeration have become the “boat of life” for the survival and development of China's SMEs.

“In addition to having a number of leading enterprises to play a leading role in the development of an industry and occupy the commanding heights of the industry, it also requires a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises to cooperate in the division of labor and supporting production to form the 'forest economy' phenomenon of symbiosis and co-prosperity of large trees and small trees.” Shen Qing, Dean of the Beijing Capital Institute of Economic Management, said, “Then how do these tens of thousands of small and medium-sized enterprises develop? It depends on the division of labor and the complementary advantages of industrial clusters. It depends on the improvement and convergence of the industrial chain. It is the power of 'team combat' to achieve the common development of an industry."

Cluster development has become the general direction of the development of SMEs in China. At present, various types of industrial clusters have formed in coastal cities, along rivers, and inland areas in China. Statistics show that during the “11th Five-Year Plan” period, the central government’s financial funds have supported a total of 2,468 technical progress projects such as professionalization of small and medium-sized enterprises and cooperation with large enterprises. In 2010, some localities took advantage of regional advantages and characteristics, and through the guidance of the clustering of small and medium-sized enterprises, more than 2,000 industrial clusters have been formed, and some small and medium-sized enterprises have taken steps in terms of “professionalism, precision, specialness, and newness”. .

Division of labor and collaboration to enhance competitiveness

In industrial clusters, the closer the SMEs are to supporting suppliers, the more specialized the division of labor, and the higher degree of industrial chain coordination, the more competitive products will be.

In the new light source industrial base in Luocun, Foshan, Guangdong, there is a factory building that is quite “special”: in this factory shared by Foshan Nanhai Chuguang Lighting Appliance Co., Ltd. and Guangzhou Saifu Energy Saving Technology Development Co., Ltd., Nanhai The LED light beads on the Chuguang production line can be directly installed on the Saifu lighting products.

The co-tenant plant can effectively reduce production costs, and at the same time, it more clearly illustrates the “reason” that a small and medium-sized enterprise understands: In the industrial cluster area, the closer to the supplier, the more specialized the division of labor, and the more synergistic the industrial chain. High, the more competitive the product is.

“Our research has found that in areas where small and medium-sized enterprises are clustered and developed, product varieties and categories are well-supported, and the radius of many products is within 50 km to 100 km. For example, the industrial cluster is highly developed in Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province. The automobile parts and computer industry in Dongguan City of Guangdong can be completed within the city.” Qin Zhihui, director of the SME Development and Promotion Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that through “multi-species centralized production, multi-enterprise centralized procurement, large-scale enterprise centralized assembly "Industry clusters will quickly form a "small product, large supporting" industry development pattern, which can effectively reduce the production and management costs of SMEs and enhance their core competitiveness.

The specialization of labor has brought about constant accumulation of production factors such as technology, management, funds, and talents, and has become the source of the technological innovation of SMEs. Currently in Jinjiang, the production of sports shoes from the heel, upper, shoe machine to fabrics, sales display, etc. can be completed in several towns, smooth flow of information, capital flow, but also greatly improve product design capabilities.

Today, the division of labor between SMEs is no longer confined to the field of production, it has been extended to the entire industry chain. For example, in Zhejiang Yiwu Small Commodity Accessories Market and Guangzhou Shiling International Leather Leather Goods City, there are tens of thousands of people engaged in the procurement, supply, sales, logistics and other services of raw materials. Through specialized division of labor and collaboration, thousands of “green leaf” SMEs have been created to serve as leading enterprises, and the competitiveness and scale advantages of industrial clusters have also been further enhanced.

Improve services and lay a solid foundation

Large and medium-sized SMEs have a large number of products, and their ability for independent innovation is inherently insufficient. Strengthening the construction of common technology service platforms is an effective way to promote independent innovation of SMEs.

In Changzhou, Jiangsu, local flooring companies spoke of the new board productivity promotion center. In recent years, companies in the Changzhou flooring industry cluster have relied on the center to develop "V-grooves," "true woodgrain," geothermal floors, straw floors, and other new technologies and products. They have won inventions in more than 70 countries. Or utility model patents.

"Using common technology service platform as a carrier to help small and medium-sized enterprises improve their technological innovation capabilities is the common practice and successful experience of many economically developed countries." Zhu Hongren, member of the Party Committee and Chief Engineer of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, believes that large and small SMEs in China are large in scale and independent innovation. The ability to congenitally lack and strengthen the construction of a common technical service platform is an effective way to promote the independent innovation of SMEs.

According to statistics, in 2010, in industrial clusters or SME clusters, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has successively supported the construction of 238 public service platforms for small and medium-sized enterprises, and identified 100 national public service demonstration platforms for small and medium-sized enterprises, stimulating a batch of local SME public services. Infrastructure construction. According to incomplete statistics, 18 provinces have identified 858 public service platforms.

A similar public technology "incubator" has become an important starting point for SME restructuring, transformation and upgrading. Cheng Zheng, deputy director of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that during the “12th Five-Year Plan” period, in guiding SME industrial restructuring, efforts will be made to promote the construction of service systems for SMEs, which will in turn increase the overall competitiveness of SMEs.

According to reports, in 2011, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will focus on promoting the construction of public service platforms for industrial clusters and the construction of comprehensive public service platforms for large and medium-sized cities; it will continue to work hard on the identification of national public service demonstration platforms for small and medium-sized enterprises and identify and support 180 public service platforms. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, in addition to continuing to arrange support for funds to support technological transformation of SMEs, it will also focus on supporting public service platforms in industrial clusters in order to achieve the effect of “supporting one or two families and benefiting from a large area”. On this basis, it will further support SMEs to follow the “specialization and innovation” approach, comprehensively improve the level of division of labor in the SME industry cluster, guide the orderly transfer of industries, optimize the industrial layout, and promote the development of SMEs.