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Frogs, ducks, golden bees, bacillus, Bacillus thuringiensis, tripterygium, buckwheat tree... many creatures, masters of pest control
China is a big agricultural country, and it is relatively short compared to the use of chemical pesticides in Western industrialized countries. However, due to environmental pollution caused by the use of chemical pesticides and excessive pesticide residues in food, it has already jeopardized human and animal safety. Although Chinese scientists have long carried out biological control measures to reduce the density of pests such as pastoral ducking, protection of frogs, birds, and artificial breeding of golden bees, but because there is no consensus, there are still a large number of frogs caught and captive ducks. Acts such as refusal to raise gold bees have destroyed the ecological balance and caused an increase in pests and diseases. And the use of chemical pesticides, more form a vicious circle.
After China's accession to the WTO, China's agricultural products must go abroad and meet the standards of green food, which makes biological control of agricultural pests and diseases more and more important. According to the previous lessons, it is necessary to carry out general education on the knowledge of conventional biological control, encourage the field to release ducks, and ban the killing of birds and frogs. It is best to set up a golden bee artificial breeding center in each township agricultural technology station, which is often placed evenly in the field, which can reduce the pests and diseases of 80%.
From the perspective of scientific research, we must actively research and develop new biological pesticides and improve old varieties. Before the 1970s, the mortality rate of Pesticide and Bacillus thuringiensis in China was over 95%. However, due to the fear of ultraviolet rays, and the need for a certain temperature, and fear of rain, the parasitic infection rate of pests decreased after application, and some effects were less than 10%. Now, Chinese scientists have greatly enhanced their ability to resist ultraviolet rays by cultivating their variants. Protein protectants have also been developed, which use strong adhesion, are not afraid of rain, and are sprayed on crops for several months. As long as the pest climbs over, it is contaminated until it kills the disease.
For a season of crops, it is only necessary to spray once, and the bio-pesticide can be protected from pests for a lifetime. Although it seems that the cost of one input is large, it is much lower than the cost of using chemical pesticides multiple times. At present, the researched compound biological pesticide can control a variety of pests such as aphids, planthoppers, rice leaf roller, cotton bollworm, aphids, etc., overcomes the shortcomings of biological pest control, realizes broad spectrum of biological pesticides, and can comprehensively prevent and cure Various types of pests.
In 1968, Jiangxi discovered the actinomycetes of Jinggangmycin. Although it failed in the medical test, after several years of agricultural disease prevention and control experiments, it proved to be a special drug for the prevention and treatment of sheath blight. At present, new biotin pesticides have been made based on several control targets that have been discovered. It is effective, and the lethal dose of pests and diseases is small, ranging from 20-200 PPM. The pests stopped eating 4 hours after eating, and died 24 hours later. The mortality rate in 72 hours was over 98%. Moreover, the production is safe, harmless to humans and animals, and convenient for storage and storage. After spraying, it is suitable for natural conditions, not afraid of the sun and the wind, does not rain within 12 hours, will not be drenched. Some biotins are also used to treat diseases, mainly for rice blast, sheath blight, rust, plant anthracnose and root rot.
The plant itself can also cure insects. Historically, it has been used to control the insects of tobacco stalks, tripterygium wilfordii, and bitter buckwheat. Scientists now have the opportunity to screen plant pesticides from a wider range of plants. The bitter buckwheat extracted from tartary buckwheat tree has high purity and good pest control effect; strychnine extracted from strychnos chinensis has good pest control effect; it can also be used to produce a broad spectrum of plant pesticides by mixing various active ingredients. Achieve the effect of a drug. Extracting the wild meson, killing the chrysanthemum, and the fish vine, respectively, and mixing and bottling, can achieve a broad-spectrum insecticidal effect, and the effects of contact, stomach poisoning and infiltration are particularly remarkable.
Transgenic is currently the leader in biotechnology, and research on biological control is currently developing in three areas. The first is to destroy the genetic characteristics of insects, causing genetic defects, causing them to lose their reproductive function or self-infertility, even genetic defects and easy to be infected and naturally die. Although such research has progressed, it will take time to reach actual use. At the same time, because the target insects that can meet human needs in the initial stage may become human enemies in the natural environment, it takes a long time to evaluate the safety of genetically modified insects.
The second is the study of genetically modified plant varieties. It is required to be resistant to pests and diseases, to lodging, to improve quality, to resist natural and unhealthy environments, and to achieve high yield and stability. The results of this kind of research are more and more effective. The common food crops have GM varieties and their performance is excellent. Their ability to resist pests and diseases is mainly based on the ability of plants to secrete disease-resistant mites containing different proteins. The saponins secreted by plants are repelled. The role of insects; the plants themselves have hard bristles, which make the insects afraid; the degree of fiberization of the stems and leaves of the plants is high, and the larvae such as the large mites, the stem borer, the stem borer, and the cotton bollworm that have just hatched cannot be wormed within 24 hours. The bite hole was drilled into the stalks and cotton bolls of the plant and was hungry and died.
The third is the study of transgenic viruses and pathogenic bacteria. Such research has been carried out in countries all over the world. Some pathogenic bacteria and viruses with insecticidal activity, due to low infection rate, slow death, low re-infection, and absolutely safe for humans, animals, plants and other microorganisms, cultivated disease-causing and lethal by genetic means A new safe breed with a high rate, re-infection, and broad-spectrum insecticide. There are more than 30 agricultural recombinant microorganisms approved in China, and 7 projects approved from the environment from 1997 to 1999. Now, some new species appear one after another, and the research methods are also very scientific. Therefore, the research on biological pesticides has a bright future.
Author: Yang Construction
From: China Agricultural Network
China is a big agricultural country, and it is relatively short compared to the use of chemical pesticides in Western industrialized countries. However, due to environmental pollution caused by the use of chemical pesticides and excessive pesticide residues in food, it has already jeopardized human and animal safety. Although Chinese scientists have long carried out biological control measures to reduce the density of pests such as pastoral ducking, protection of frogs, birds, and artificial breeding of golden bees, but because there is no consensus, there are still a large number of frogs caught and captive ducks. Acts such as refusal to raise gold bees have destroyed the ecological balance and caused an increase in pests and diseases. And the use of chemical pesticides, more form a vicious circle.
After China's accession to the WTO, China's agricultural products must go abroad and meet the standards of green food, which makes biological control of agricultural pests and diseases more and more important. According to the previous lessons, it is necessary to carry out general education on the knowledge of conventional biological control, encourage the field to release ducks, and ban the killing of birds and frogs. It is best to set up a golden bee artificial breeding center in each township agricultural technology station, which is often placed evenly in the field, which can reduce the pests and diseases of 80%.
From the perspective of scientific research, we must actively research and develop new biological pesticides and improve old varieties. Before the 1970s, the mortality rate of Pesticide and Bacillus thuringiensis in China was over 95%. However, due to the fear of ultraviolet rays, and the need for a certain temperature, and fear of rain, the parasitic infection rate of pests decreased after application, and some effects were less than 10%. Now, Chinese scientists have greatly enhanced their ability to resist ultraviolet rays by cultivating their variants. Protein protectants have also been developed, which use strong adhesion, are not afraid of rain, and are sprayed on crops for several months. As long as the pest climbs over, it is contaminated until it kills the disease.
For a season of crops, it is only necessary to spray once, and the bio-pesticide can be protected from pests for a lifetime. Although it seems that the cost of one input is large, it is much lower than the cost of using chemical pesticides multiple times. At present, the researched compound biological pesticide can control a variety of pests such as aphids, planthoppers, rice leaf roller, cotton bollworm, aphids, etc., overcomes the shortcomings of biological pest control, realizes broad spectrum of biological pesticides, and can comprehensively prevent and cure Various types of pests.
In 1968, Jiangxi discovered the actinomycetes of Jinggangmycin. Although it failed in the medical test, after several years of agricultural disease prevention and control experiments, it proved to be a special drug for the prevention and treatment of sheath blight. At present, new biotin pesticides have been made based on several control targets that have been discovered. It is effective, and the lethal dose of pests and diseases is small, ranging from 20-200 PPM. The pests stopped eating 4 hours after eating, and died 24 hours later. The mortality rate in 72 hours was over 98%. Moreover, the production is safe, harmless to humans and animals, and convenient for storage and storage. After spraying, it is suitable for natural conditions, not afraid of the sun and the wind, does not rain within 12 hours, will not be drenched. Some biotins are also used to treat diseases, mainly for rice blast, sheath blight, rust, plant anthracnose and root rot.
The plant itself can also cure insects. Historically, it has been used to control the insects of tobacco stalks, tripterygium wilfordii, and bitter buckwheat. Scientists now have the opportunity to screen plant pesticides from a wider range of plants. The bitter buckwheat extracted from tartary buckwheat tree has high purity and good pest control effect; strychnine extracted from strychnos chinensis has good pest control effect; it can also be used to produce a broad spectrum of plant pesticides by mixing various active ingredients. Achieve the effect of a drug. Extracting the wild meson, killing the chrysanthemum, and the fish vine, respectively, and mixing and bottling, can achieve a broad-spectrum insecticidal effect, and the effects of contact, stomach poisoning and infiltration are particularly remarkable.
Transgenic is currently the leader in biotechnology, and research on biological control is currently developing in three areas. The first is to destroy the genetic characteristics of insects, causing genetic defects, causing them to lose their reproductive function or self-infertility, even genetic defects and easy to be infected and naturally die. Although such research has progressed, it will take time to reach actual use. At the same time, because the target insects that can meet human needs in the initial stage may become human enemies in the natural environment, it takes a long time to evaluate the safety of genetically modified insects.
The second is the study of genetically modified plant varieties. It is required to be resistant to pests and diseases, to lodging, to improve quality, to resist natural and unhealthy environments, and to achieve high yield and stability. The results of this kind of research are more and more effective. The common food crops have GM varieties and their performance is excellent. Their ability to resist pests and diseases is mainly based on the ability of plants to secrete disease-resistant mites containing different proteins. The saponins secreted by plants are repelled. The role of insects; the plants themselves have hard bristles, which make the insects afraid; the degree of fiberization of the stems and leaves of the plants is high, and the larvae such as the large mites, the stem borer, the stem borer, and the cotton bollworm that have just hatched cannot be wormed within 24 hours. The bite hole was drilled into the stalks and cotton bolls of the plant and was hungry and died.
The third is the study of transgenic viruses and pathogenic bacteria. Such research has been carried out in countries all over the world. Some pathogenic bacteria and viruses with insecticidal activity, due to low infection rate, slow death, low re-infection, and absolutely safe for humans, animals, plants and other microorganisms, cultivated disease-causing and lethal by genetic means A new safe breed with a high rate, re-infection, and broad-spectrum insecticide. There are more than 30 agricultural recombinant microorganisms approved in China, and 7 projects approved from the environment from 1997 to 1999. Now, some new species appear one after another, and the research methods are also very scientific. Therefore, the research on biological pesticides has a bright future.
Author: Yang Construction
From: China Agricultural Network
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