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The summer temperature is high, the water evaporates quickly; the steam pipeline has small heat loss, high steam saturation and low adsorption water content; the high temperature of the raw material itself is not conducive to the water retention and absorption of the pellet feed during the production process. Therefore, in the hot and dry season, the moisture content of the finished pellet feed is generally around 9%-11%, which is lower than the national (enterprise) standard. The low moisture content of the pellet feed product makes the input and output rate of the feed production low, which causes a certain loss of benefits for the feed manufacturer. The low moisture content of the pelleted feed product will also lead to a decrease in starch gelatinization, a decrease in palatability of the feed, and an increase in powder, thereby reducing the feed intake of the animal, increasing the waste of the feed, affecting the production performance of the animal, and reducing the feed compensation. Therefore, some manufacturers take some measures in the summer to increase the moisture content of pellet feed.
Because of the many benefits of adding water to pellet feed in summer, it is a good way to improve product quality and reduce costs. It is tempting for manufacturers. Some comrades involved in the work often have insufficient understanding of the current situation of the company and the corresponding conditions. In practice, there may be many problems, and once the feed has problems, it is often found from additives or raw materials. The reflection is not enough and the potential impact on this outcome is underestimated. Domestic and foreign granule feed water-increasing animal experiments basically use the produced water-increasing feed directly for feeding. The feed use time is very short, there is no problem of feed mildew, the above advantages are obvious, and in China, the pellet feed from production to Users, generally about 1 month, long up to 2 months, need to go through six links of raw material purchase, processing, storage, transportation, sales, use, etc., each link may make the mold moldy oxidation or nutrients Loss (not visible to the naked eye), a slight mistake, may cause problems.
The water present in the feed is divided into free water and bound water, and the microorganism can utilize free water. In general, feeds containing a large amount of water, microorganisms are easy to grow, and feeds having a small amount of water are not easily grown by microorganisms. At present, most of the summer water-increasing methods are water spray before quenching and tempering. The main increase is free water, which is easily used by microorganisms. If the added water is not clean or uneven, the possibility of pollution is even greater. Another method is to spray water to cool the air of the pellets, so that the water content of the cooling air is increased, so that the moisture in the pellet feed is not easily lost, and the moisture is increased. There are four problems in this method: 1. The cooling of the pellets is not only by the air. The heat conduction is more important to remove the heat by the loss of internal moisture. This method will affect the internal heat dissipation of the pellets and form a “hot materialâ€. 2 Due to the increase of moisture in the cooling air, the pellets will increase during the heat exchange process. The surface moisture and the number of bacteria increase the risk of mold; 3Because some parts of the equipment (such as pool, dust removal, gauze layer) in high temperature, high humidity, high dust, not only can not isolate microorganisms, but become microbes The carrier (especially mold spore) grows as a source of pollution; 4 because it is water after granulation, it has no effect on starch gelatinization.
At present, WaterActivity has become a safety indicator for preventing mold and preventing mold production, and is an important indicator in the feed quality control system, which can affect the reproduction, metabolism, resistance and survival of microorganisms in feed. The use of water content in the feed alone does not accurately reflect the actual water content of the feed that can be utilized by the microorganisms, nor does it evaluate the effects of microorganisms on the mold. The water activity of the feed is not only related to the moisture content, but also related to the temperature and humidity of the environment. The higher the temperature and humidity of the environment, the higher the water activity, and the easier the microorganisms to grow and reproduce. During the growth process, microorganisms also produce metabolic water (which is the additional moisture produced by oxidative decomposition of carbohydrates in the feed). This metabolic water can further increase the water activity value of the growing environment and promote the growth and reproduction of mold. Studies have shown (M. jimenez et al 1996; Kristian Fog Nielsen, 2003) that in the case of low water activity, toxin-producing molds may not produce or produce toxins; but in the case of high activity, toxin production will increase significantly. In the case that the contamination of the feed ingredients and their toxins tends to be serious, the summer water-increasing process should be treated with caution.
The risk of loss of nutrients increased, and the effect of water on protein solubility was extremely significant (P<0.01). Especially under high temperature and high water conditions, the protein solubility decreased by 53.1% after storage for 2 months, because high moisture can increase the thermal effect, accelerate the Maillard reaction and oxidative damage; Next, the protein solubility value decreases within the range of 9.7% to 26.8%. Studies have shown that water has a significant effect on effective lysine (P < 0.05). This is also the result of Maillard reaction and oxidation. High water will accelerate the reaction, lead to chemical reaction of amino acids and damage, and the risk of oxidative deterioration increases.
In short, the regulation of moisture in summer feed is a subject worthy of study. Every process and every link needs to be carefully evaluated, strictly controlled, and must not be eager for quick success, regardless of equipment conditions, worker quality, management level, blindly operate, otherwise it may Quality has a negative effect.
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